Abstract:
Solid particulate fuels are combusted with a primary oxidant stream of industrially pure oxygen and a secondary oxidant stream of industrially pure oxygen optionally mixed with a portion of recycled flue gas. The fuel is conveyed with a carrier gas of air or recycled flue gas. An oxygen concentration out of the total amount of the fuel stream and the primary and secondary oxidant streams is 40-63% by mass or 47-70% by volume.
Abstract:
Solid particulate fuels are combusted with a primary oxidant stream of industrially pure oxygen and a secondary oxidant stream of industrially pure oxygen optionally mixed with a portion of recycled flue gas. The fuel is conveyed with a carrier gas of air or recycled flue gas. An oxygen concentration out of the total amount of the fuel stream and the primary and secondary oxidant streams is 40-63% by mass or 47-70% by volume.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a heat exchanger (4) for a combustion oven, said exchanger comprising a heat exchanging zone (2) provided with means for the passage of hot fumes derived from a burner of the oven, said zone being traversed by at least one means (1a) for transporting a combustion gas to be heated from a combustion gas source, via the heat exchanging zone and to the oven burner, said means (1a) being provided with a wall (1b) designed to enable the combustion gas to be heated by thermal energy transfer, said means (1a) for transporting the combustion gas being arranged in the heat exchanging zone in means (3a) capable of containing an inert gas and provided with a wall (3b) designed to enable the inert gas to be heated by thermal energy transfer of said hot fumes.
Abstract:
During a heating phase, injection of a jet of fuel and oxidant (fuel annularly enshrouding oxidant or oxidant annularly enshrouding fuel) from a fuel-oxidant nozzle is combusted in a combustion space. During a transition from the heating phase to a distributed combustion phase, an amount of a secondary portion of either the fuel or oxidant is injected as a jet into the combustion space while the primary portion of that same reactant from the fuel-oxidant nozzle is decreased. At some point during the transition phase, a jet of actuating fluid is injected at an angle towards the jet of reactants from the fuel-oxidant nozzle and/or towards the jet of the secondary portion of reactant. The jet of primary portions of reactants and/or secondary portion of reactant is caused to be bent/deviated towards the other of the two jets. The staging of the secondary portion of reactant is increased until a desired degree of staging and commencement of a distributed combustion phase are achieved.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of burning a fuel using an oxidizer and at least one mostly inert gas in which: the fuel and the oxidizer are injected so as to create a flame; the mostly inert gas is injected in the form of two jets, so that the first jet surrounds the flame created by the fuel and the oxidizer, and said first jet has a divergent swirl with respect to said flame; the second jet surrounds the first jet of mostly inert gas and the second jet has a convergent swirl with respect to the flame created by the fuel and the oxidizer. The invention also relates to a burner suitable for implementing this method.
Abstract:
A plurality of independently flow rate-controlled flows of fuel may be preheated at a heat exchanger (or both oxidant and fuel at separate heat exchangers) by heat exchange with a hot shell-side (heat transfer) fluid. The separate flows of hot fuel are directed to associated separate burners where they combust with flows of fuel to produce hot combustion gases. The hot combustion gases are used to preheat the hot shell-side fluid at a recuperator or regenerator.
Abstract:
A plurality of independently flow rate-controlled flows of oxidant may be preheated at a heat exchanger (or both oxidant and fuel at separate heat exchangers) by heat exchange with a hot shell-side (heat transfer) fluid. The separate flows of hot oxidant are directed to associated separate burners where they combust with flows of fuel to produce hot combustion gases. The hot combustion gases are used to preheat the hot shell-side fluid at a recuperator or regenerator.
Abstract:
A splitter divides a flow of low heating value biomass into a central stream and an annular stream. A stable flame may be achieved by combusting the central stream with oxygen. This avoids the use of costly fossil fuels or biomass (that have higher heating values than the biomass fuel) as an auxiliary fuel for achieving a stable flame.
Abstract:
During a heating phase, injection of a jet of fuel and oxidant (fuel annularly enshrouding oxidant or oxidant annularly enshrouding fuel) from a fuel-oxidant nozzle is combusted in a combustion space. During a transition from the heating phase to a distributed combustion phase, an amount of a secondary portion of either the fuel or oxidant is injected as a jet into the combustion space while the primary portion of that same reactant from the fuel-oxidant nozzle is decreased. At some point during the transition phase, a jet of actuating fluid is injected at an angle towards the jet of reactants from the fuel-oxidant nozzle and/or towards the jet of the secondary portion of reactant. The jet of primary portions of reactants and/or secondary portion of reactant is caused to be bent/deviated towards the other of the two jets. The staging of the secondary portion of reactant is increased until a desired degree of staging and commencement of a distributed combustion phase are achieved.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for melting a charge by means of oxy-fuel combustion burners in a furnace (1) that includes at least one upstream flue gas outlet (3), in which furnace, in the charge melting zone: the burners (41-44) placed close to the upstream flue gas outlet burn a liquid fuel; and at least one of the burners (51-54) placed far from the upstream flue gas outlet burns a gaseous fuel.