Abstract:
A lithium battery comprising a container housing an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte in which the outer surface of the container has an emissivity of at least 0.87.
Abstract:
Nanostructured thin film catalysts which may be useful as fuel cell catalysts are provided, the catalyst materials including intermixed inorganic materials. In some embodiments the nanostructured thin film catalysts may include catalyst materials according to the formula PtxMn(1-x)where x is between 0.3 and 0.9 and M is Nb, Bi, Re, Hf, Cu or Zr. The nanostructured thin film catalysts may include catalyst materials according to the formula PtaCobMc where a+b+c=1, a is between 0.3 and 0.9, b is greater than 0.05, c is greater than 0.05, and M is Au, Zr, or Ir. The nanostructured thin film catalysts may include catalyst materials according to the formula PtaTibQc where a+b+c=l, a is between 0.3 and 0.9, b is greater than 0.05, c is greater than 0.05, and Q is C or B.
Abstract translation:提供可用作燃料电池催化剂的纳米结构薄膜催化剂,催化剂材料包括混合的无机材料。 在一些实施方案中,纳米结构薄膜催化剂可以包括根据式PtxMn(1-x)的催化剂材料,其中x在0.3和0.9之间,M是Nb,Bi,Re,Hf,Cu或Zr。 纳米结构薄膜催化剂可以包括根据式PtaCobMc的催化剂材料,其中a + b + c = 1,a在0.3和0.9之间,b大于0.05,c大于0.05,M是Au,Zr或 铱。 纳米结构薄膜催化剂可以包括根据式PtaTibQc的催化剂材料,其中a + b + c = 1,a在0.3和0.9之间,b大于0.05,c大于0.05,Q是C或B.
Abstract:
A filter for removing contaminants from air. The filter includes (a) a substrate that does not have any volatile ammonia on the surface thereof; (b) copper that has been impregnated onto the substrate; and (c) molybdenum and/or tungsten that has been impregnated onto the substrate. The filter can be made using an aqueous solution(s) that contains one or more of a first copper salt and a second salt that include a polynuclear anion that contains molybdenum, tungsten, or both. Because the metals can be impregnated onto the substrate surface without using an ammonium-based solution, the need to manage ammonia off-gassing is avoided. Further, no volatile ammonia would be present on the resulting substrate surface.
Abstract:
Compositions useful for cathodes in lithium-ion batteries are described. In some examples, an electrochemical cell includes an electrode, the electrode comprising a composition including the elements of Li, Fe, and F, where the composition includes a first phase including a disordered trirutile structure. Cathodes including such a composition may exhibit reversible reactivity with lithium. In some examples, this reaction takes place via an intercalation mechanism.
Abstract:
Powder milling techniques, tin-based alloys formed thereby, and the use of such alloys as electrode compositions for lithium ion batteries are provided. The alloys include tin and at least one transition metal but contain no silicon. The powder milling is done using low energy roller milling (pebble milling).
Abstract:
An oxygen-reducing catalyst layer, and a method of making the oxygen-reducing catalyst layer, where the oxygen-reducing catalyst layer includes a catalytic material film disposed on a substrate with the use of physical vapor deposition and thermal treatment. The catalytic material film includes a transition metal that is substantially free of platinum. At least one of the physical vapor deposition and the thermal treatment is performed in a processing environment comprising a nitrogen-containing gas.
Abstract:
A rechargeable lithium-ion cell (10) contains a positive electrode (12), negative electrode (14), charge carrying electrolyte containing charge carrying medium and lithium salt, and cycloaliphatic N-oxide compound dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte. The N-oxide compound has an oxidation potential above the positive electrode recharged potential and serves as a cyclable redox chemical shuttle providing cell overcharge protection.
Abstract:
A battery of series-connected rechargeable lithium ion cells each of which contains a negative electrode; a negative electrode current collector; a positive electrode; a positive electrode current collector; and an electrolyte comprising charge carrying medium, lithium salt and cyclable redox chemical shuttle. The negative electrode has a larger irreversible first cycle capacity loss than that of the positive electrode, and is driven to a potential above that of the positive electrode if the cell is discharged to a state of cell reversal. The shuttle has an electrochemical potential above the positive electrode maximum normal operating potential, and prevents the negative electrode potential from reaching even higher and more destructive positive values during overdischarge. The current collector has a lithium alloying potential below the negative electrode minimum normal operating potential. The battery chemically limits or eliminates cell damage due to repeated overdischarge, and may operate without electronic overdischarge protection circuitry.
Abstract:
Provided is a rechargeable lithium-ion cell that contains a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a charge-carrying electrolyte containing a charge carrying medium and a lithium salt, and a triphenylamine compound dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte. The triphenylamine compound has an oxidation potential above the positive electrode recharged potential and serves as a cyclable redox chemical shuttle providing cell overcharge protection. Also provided are methods for manufacturing a rechargeable lithium-ion cell.