Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, the process comprising the following steps: (A-1) preparing or providing a starting mixture comprising one, two or more carbohydrate compounds selected from the group consisting of hexoses, oligosaccharides comprising hexose units, and polysaccharides comprising hexose units, and as the solvent or as a co-solvent for said carbohydrate compounds an amount of one or more carboxylic acid esters of formula (II) (A-2) subjecting said starting mixture to reaction conditions so that at least one of said one, two or more carbohydrate compounds reacts, and a fraction of said amount of one or more carboxylic acid esters of formula (II) is hydrolyzed, so that a mixture results comprising 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural and/or said one or more HMF esters of formula (I), one or more carboxylic acids of formula (III) and a remaining fraction of said amount of one or more carboxylic acid esters of formula (II).
Abstract:
Catalytic process for preparing an α, β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising reacting an alkene and carbon dioxide in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and releasing the α, β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt with a base, the carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex, which comprises a structurally constrained bidentate P,X ligand, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of P, N, O, and carbene, the P and X atom are separated by 2 to 4 bridging atoms, and wherein the bridging atoms are part of at least one 5- to 7-membered cyclic substructure. A further catalytic processes for preparing α, β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives from CO 2 and an alkene is provided.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of ethylene oxide to 2-aminoethanol and/or ethane-1,2-diamine and/or linear polyethylenimines of the formula H 2 N- (CH 2 CH 2 NH) n -CH 2 CH 2 -NH 2 wherein n≥ 1 comprising (i) providing a catalyst comprising a zeolitic material comprising YO 2 and X 2 O 3 , wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a trivalent element; (ii) providing a gas stream comprising ethylene oxide and ammonia; (iii) contacting the catalyst provided in (i) with the gas stream provided in (ii) for converting ethylene oxide to 2-aminoethanol and/or ethane-1,2-diamine and/or linear polyethylenimines.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of ethane-1,2-diol to ethane-1,2-diamine and/or linear polyethylenimines of the formula H 2 N-[CH 2 CH 2 NH] n -CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 wherein n ≥ 1 comprising (i) providing a catalyst comprising a zeolitic material comprising YO 2 and X 2 O 3 , wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a trivalent element, wherein the zeolitic material is selected from the group consisting of zeolitic materials having the MOR, FAU, CHA and/or GME framework structure, including combinations of two or more thereof; (ii) providing a gas stream comprising ethane-1,2-diol and ammonia; (iii) contacting the catalyst provided in (i) with the gas stream provided in (ii) for converting ethane-1,2-diol to ethane-1,2-diamine and/or linear polyethylenimines.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of 2-aminoethanol to ethane-1,2- diamine and/or linear polyethylenimines of the formula H 2 N-[CH 2 CH 2 NH] n -CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 wherein n≥ 1 comprising (i) providing a catalyst comprising a zeolitic material having the MOR framework structure comprising YO 2 and X 2 O 3 , wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a trivalent element; (ii) providing a gas stream comprising 2-aminoethanol and ammonia; (iii) contacting the catalyst provided in (i) with the gas stream provided in (ii) for converting 2- aminoethanol to ethane-1,2-diamine and/or linear polyethylenimines, wherein the average particle size of the zeolitic material along the 002 axis of the crystallites is in the range of from 5 ± 1 nm to 55 ± 8 nm as determined by powder X-ray diffraction.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the effective removal of residual monomeric aliphatic isocyanate from a reaction mixture comprising aliphatic polyisocyanate comprising (i) providing a reactor containing a scavenger comprising a zeolitic material, wherein the zeolitic material comprises SiO2 and optionally X2O3 in its framework structure, wherein X is a trivalent element; (ii) providing a reaction mixture comprising aliphatic polyisocyanate and monomeric aliphatic isocyanate; (iii) contacting the scavenger in the reactor with the reaction mixture provided in (ii) at a temperature lower than the boiling point of the residual monomeric aliphatic isocyanate for obtaining a product comprising aliphatic polyisocyanate with a reduced monomeric aliphatic isocyanate content, wherein if the zeolitic material comprises X2O3, the zeolitic material has an SiO2 to X2O3 molar ratio higher than 2.8:1, preferably higher than 5:1, more preferably higher than 30:1.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of 2-aminoethanol to ethane-1,2-diamine and/or linear polyethylenimines of the formula H 2 N-[CH 2 CH 2 NH] n -CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 wherein n ≥1 comprising : (i) providing a catalyst comprising a zeolitic material having the MOR framework structure comprising YO 2 and X 2 O 3 , wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a trivalent element, said zeolitic material containing copper as extra-framework ions; (ii) providing a gas stream comprising 2-aminoethanol and ammonia; (iii) contacting the catalyst provided in (i) with the gas stream provided in (ii) for converting 2-aminoethanol to ethane-1,2-diamine and/or linear polyethylenimines.
Abstract:
Catalytic process for preparing an α, β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, wherein an alkene and carbon dioxide are reacted in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and of an organic base that is homogeneously dissolved in a reaction medium, to obtain the α, β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, wherein the reaction medium is in contact with a heterogeneous alkalinity reservoir, α, β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives are efficiently provided from CO 2 and an alkene.
Abstract:
Process for preparing an α, β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising, reacting an alkene and carbon dioxide in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst to obtain a catalyst-coordinated carboxylated intermediate, treating the catalyst- coordinated carboxylated intermediate with a heterogeneous base, and releasing the α, β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, wherein the heterogeneous base comprises an organic basic moiety that is immobilized on a solid support. The process avoids accumulation of the conjugate acid of the base in the reaction medium.
Abstract:
Catalytic process for preparing an α,β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, wherein an alkene and carbon dioxide are reacted in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and in the presence of a specific aryloxide to obtain the α,β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, the carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex. The process allows for efficient preparation of α,β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives from CO 2 and an alkene.