Abstract:
Catalytic process for preparing an α, β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising reacting an alkene and carbon dioxide in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and releasing the α, β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt with a base, the carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex, which comprises a structurally constrained bidentate P,X ligand, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of P, N, O, and carbene, the P and X atom are separated by 2 to 4 bridging atoms, and wherein the bridging atoms are part of at least one 5- to 7-membered cyclic substructure. A further catalytic processes for preparing α, β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives from CO 2 and an alkene is provided.
Abstract:
Es wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acylglycinatsalzen der Formel (II) beschrieben, worin R 1 einen gesättigten linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 21 Kohlenstoffatomen oder einen ein- oder mehrfach ungesättigten linearen oder verzweigten Alkenylrest mit 2 bis 21 Kohlenstoffatomen und B ein Kation, das von einer Base abgeleitet ist, bedeutet, und/oder der entsprechenden protonierten Acylglycinsäuren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein oder mehrere Fettsäuremonoethanolamide der Formel (I) worin R 1 die oben angegebene Bedeutung besitzt, mit Sauerstoff in Gegenwart eines Nebengruppenmetallkatalysators im alkalischen Medium zu einem oder mehreren Acylglycinatsalzen der Formel (II) oxidiert werden und im Fall der Herstellung der protonierten Acylglycinsäuren das oder die Acylglycinatsalze der Formel (II) zusätzlich mit einer Säure umgesetzt werden.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for catalytically producing organic substances by partial oxidation which is carried out in the gaseous phase in the presence of molecular oxygen at temperatures in the range of from 200 to 500 DEG C in at least one reactor that is configured as a cooled tubular reactor and that contains a catalyst. A coolant flows through the cooling pipes of the reactor and a gaseous mixed product is removed from the reactor. 40 to 100 % by weight of the total amount of the catalyst of the cooled tubular reactor are disposed on the exterior face of the cooling pipes in the form of a coating. The feedstock mixture containing the feedstock and the molecular oxygen is contacted with the catalytic layers. Preferably, at least half of the cooling pipes are designed as ribbed pipes with ribs projecting from the exterior of the pipe, and the ribs are at least partially coated with the catalyst.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for catalytically producing organic substances by partial oxidation which is carried out in the gaseous phase in the presence of molecular oxygen at temperatures in the range of from 200 to 500 DEG C in at least one reactor that is configured as a cooled tubular reactor and that contains a catalyst. A coolant flows through the cooling pipes of the reactor and a gaseous mixed product is removed from the reactor. 40 to 100 % by weight of the total amount of the catalyst of the cooled tubular reactor are disposed on the exterior face of the cooling pipes in the form of a coating. The feedstock mixture containing the feedstock and the molecular oxygen is contacted with the catalytic layers. Preferably, at least half of the cooling pipes are designed as ribbed pipes with ribs projecting from the exterior of the pipe, and the ribs are at least partially coated with the catalyst.
Abstract:
Process for preparing an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising, reacting an alkene and carbon dioxide in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and releasing the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt with a base, wherein the carboxylation catalyst comprises a transition metal complex that is covalently immobilized on a solid support. The crude reaction product can be processed with little effort to obtain the carboxylic acid derivative at a purity level suitable for further processing into sanitary products.
Abstract:
In a process for preparing an alkalimetalor alkaline earth metal salt of an α,β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a)a transition metal-alkene complex is reacted with CO 2 to give a metallalactone, b)the metallalactone is reacted with a base to give an adduct of the alkalimetal or alkaline earth metal salt of the α,β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid with the transition metal complex, and c)the adduct is reacted with an alkene to release the alkalimetalor alkaline earth metalsalt of the α,β -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and regenerate the transition metal-alkene complex. The baseis selected from alkalimetal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal superbases.The alkene is, for example, ethene. The transition metal complex comprises, for example, nickel and a bidentate P,P, P,N, P,O or P,carbene ligand, such as 1,2-bis(di- tert -butylphosphino)ethane.
Abstract:
Disclosed is an improved carbonylation process for the production of carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides wherein a carbonylation feedstock compound selected from one or more organic oxygenates such as alcohols, ethers, and esters is contacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst and one or more onium compounds. The carbonylation process differs from known carbonylation processes in that a halide compound, other than the onium salt, such as a hydrogen halide (typically, hydrogen iodide) and/or an alkyl halide (typically, methyl iodide), extraneous or exogenous to the carbonylation process is not fed or supplied to the process. The process can be improved by using a bidentate ligand comprising two functional groups selected from tertiary amines and tertiary phosphines, such as 2,2'-bipyridine and diphosphine derivatives.
Abstract:
A process for selectively oxidizing an organic molecule by reacting said organic molecule and oxygen in the presence of a selective oxidation catalyst supported on a mesh-like structure.
Abstract:
A method of making copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate (DBX-1) in isolated form comprising: a) reacting bis(ethylenediamine) copper (II) nitrotetrazolate with nitric acid or sulfuric acid to form a reaction product, subsequently b) reducing the reaction product of a) with ascorbate or ascorbic acid and reacting with copper chloride or copper sulfate to form copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate, and subsequently isolating the copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate (DBX-1) as a precipitate. The copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate produced by said method is useful as a primary explosive.
Abstract:
The present disclosure provides for a process for an equilibrium limited reaction using reactive chromatography unit (RCU) in which a first organic donor reactant (FODR) and a second organic acceptor reactant (SOAR) react to form a product mixture of a first acceptor product (FAP) and a second donor co-product (SDCP). The equilibrium-limited reaction does not produce water. The RCU has separation media to separate the product mixture into a raffinate and an extract. The FODR is in a stoichiometric deficit relative to the SOAR for the equilibrium limited reaction, so that the SOAR acts as the eluent for both the raffinate and the extract, and so as not to produce an azeotrope of FODR and the SDCP in the extract.