公开(公告)号：WO2013109622A1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-25

申请号：PCT/US2013/021730

申请日：2013-01-16

Applicant: CERAMATEC, INC

Inventor： BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  FLINDERS, Roger Marc ,  JACKMAN, Spencer

IPC: C04B35/46 ,  C04B35/64 ,  H01M10/052

CPC classification number: C04B35/16 ,  C01B25/45 ,  C04B35/447 ,  C04B35/6262 ,  C04B35/64 ,  C04B2235/3201 ,  C04B2235/3203 ,  C04B2235/3217 ,  C04B2235/3224 ,  C04B2235/3225 ,  C04B2235/3227 ,  C04B2235/3244 ,  C04B2235/3287 ,  C04B2235/3293 ,  C04B2235/3418 ,  C04B2235/6567 ,  H01M10/052 ,  H01M10/0562 ,  H01M10/0566 ,  H01M2300/0068 ,  H01M2300/0088

Abstract: Lithium-ion-conducting ceramic materials are disclosed having characteristics of high lithium-ion conductivity at low temperatures, good current efficiency, and stability in water and corrosive media under static and electrochemical conditions. Some general formulas for the lithium-ion-conducting materials include M I 1+x+z-δ M III x M IVa y M IVb 2-x-y M V z P 3-z O 12 and M I 1+x+4z-δ M III x M IVa y M IVb 2-x-y-z P 3 O 12 , wherein M I comprises Li, Na, or mixtures thereof; 0.05 IVa comprises Zr, Ge, Sn, or mixtures thereof; M IVb comprises Ti; and M V comprises Si, Ge, Sn, or mixtures thereof. In some cases, the lithium-ion conducting materials are formed through a process in which the materials' powdered precursors are milled after being calcined and before being sintered. The milling process may include using milling media of multiple sizes.

Abstract translation: 公开了在静态和电化学条件下具有低的锂离子传导性，电流效率好以及水和腐蚀性介质中的稳定性的锂离子导电陶瓷材料。 用于锂离子传导材料的一些通式包括MI 1 + x + z-δMIIIxMIVa yMIVb 2-x-yMV zP 3-zO 12和MI 1 + x + 4z-δMIIIxMIVa yMIVb 2-xy-zP 3 O 12，其中MI包括 Li，Na或其混合物; 0.05

公开(公告)号：WO2009073062A2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-11

申请号：PCT/US2008/011382

申请日：2008-10-01

Applicant: CERAMATEC, INC. ,  JOSHI, Ashok ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  PENDELTON, Justin

Inventor： JOSHI, Ashok ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  PENDELTON, Justin

IPC: C25B9/00

CPC classification number: C25B3/04

Abstract: Alkali alcoholates, also called alkali alkoxides, are produced from alkali metal salt solutions and alcohol using a three-compartment electrolytic cell (10). The electrolytic cell (10) includes an anolyte compartment (22) configured with an anode (26), a buffer compartment (24), and a catholyte compartment (20) configured with a cathode (28). First and second separators (14 and 16) are positioned between the anolyte compartment (22) and the catholyte compartment (20) to define a buffer compartment (24). The first and second separators (14 and 16) are permeable to alkali ions. They may be fabricated of the same or different materials including, but not limited to, an alkali ion conducting solid electrolyte configured to selectively transport alkali ions, a porous ceramic, or a porous polymer separator material. The catholyte solution may include an alkali alcoholate and alcohol. The anolyte solution may include at least one alkali salt. The buffer compartment solution may include a soluble alkali salt and an alkali alcoholate in alcohol.

Abstract translation: 碱金属醇盐，也称为碱金属醇盐，使用三室电解池（10）由碱金属盐溶液和醇制备。 电解槽（10）包括由阳极（26），缓冲室（24）和构成阴极（28）的阴极电解液室（20）构成的阳极电解液室（22）。 第一和第二分离器（14和16）位于阳极电解液室（22）和阴极电解液室（20）之间，以限定缓冲室（24）。 第一和第二分离器（14和16）可渗透碱离子。 它们可以由相同或不同的材料制成，包括但不限于构造成选择性地输送碱离子的碱离子导电固体电解质，多孔陶瓷或多孔聚合物隔板材料。 阴极电解液可以包括碱性醇化物和醇。 阳极电解液可以包括至少一种碱金属盐。 缓冲室溶液可以包括可溶性碱金属盐和醇中的碱金属盐。

公开(公告)号：WO2007082092A3

公开(公告)日：2007-07-19

申请号：PCT/US2007/000968

申请日：2007-01-11

Applicant: CERAMATEC, INC. ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  JOSHI, Ashok ,  PENDELTON, Justin

Inventor： BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  JOSHI, Ashok ,  PENDELTON, Justin

IPC: C07C27/10

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for synthesizing biodiesel (40) using alkali alkoxide (30) generated on-site using an electrochemical process are disclosed. The apparatus and methods are disclosed to converting alkali salts of glycerine into glycerine and thereby facilitate the separation of clean glycerine (72) from biodiesel (70). These methods are enabled by the use of alkali ion conductive ceramic membranes (16 and 42) in electrolytic cells (12 and 14).

公开(公告)号：WO2005059205A2

公开(公告)日：2005-06-30

申请号：PCT/US2004/041587

申请日：2004-12-13

Applicant: AMERICAN PACIFIC CORPORATION ,  CERAMATEC, INC. ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  MALHOTRA, Vinod

Inventor： BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  MALHOTRA, Vinod

IPC: C25B3/04

CPC classification number: B01D61/44 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D69/04 ,  B01D71/02 ,  B01D2323/12 ,  B01D2325/26 ,  C04B35/16 ,  C04B35/447 ,  C04B2235/3201 ,  C04B2235/3224 ,  C04B2235/3225 ,  C04B2235/3244 ,  C04B2235/3418 ,  C25B3/04 ,  C25B13/04

Abstract: Disclosed are processes of making solutions of metal alcoholates in their corresponding alcohols using an electrolytic process. In a preferred embodiment, sodium methylate in methanol is made from methanol and sodium hydroxide solution. The sodium hydroxide solution is placed in the anolyte compartment and the methanol is placed in the catholyte compartment, and the two compartments are separated by a ceramic membrane that selectively transports sodium under the influence of current. In preferred embodiments, the process is cost-effective and not environmentally harmful.

Abstract translation: 公开了使用电解方法在其相应的醇中制备金属醇化物的溶液的方法。 在优选的实施方案中，甲醇钠在甲醇中由甲醇和氢氧化钠溶液制成。 将氢氧化钠溶液置于阳极电解液室中，将甲醇置于阴极电解液室中，两个隔室由在电流影响下选择性输送钠的陶瓷膜隔开。 在优选的实施方案中，该方法是成本有效的并且不是环境有害的。

公开(公告)号：WO2013019768A3

公开(公告)日：2013-02-07

申请号：PCT/US2012/048926

申请日：2012-07-31

Applicant: CERAMATEC, INC. ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  DUFFEY, Kean

Inventor： BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  DUFFEY, Kean

IPC: C01F7/04 ,  B01D11/02 ,  B09B3/00

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for separating aqueous solution of alkali aluminate into alkali hydroxide and aluminate hydroxide are disclosed. These methods are enabled by the use of alkali ion conductive membranes in electrolytic cells that are chemically stable and alkali ion selective. The alkali ion conductive membrane includes a chemically stable ionic-selective cation membrane.

公开(公告)号：WO2010151468A2

公开(公告)日：2010-12-29

申请号：PCT/US2010/038877

申请日：2010-06-16

Applicant: BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  FLINDERS, Marc ,  CERAMATEC, INC.

Inventor： BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  FLINDERS, Marc

IPC: C04B35/01 ,  B01D71/02 ,  B01D17/06 ,  C04B35/14 ,  C04B35/447

CPC classification number: C04B35/16 ,  C01B25/38 ,  C04B35/19 ,  C04B35/462 ,  C04B35/481 ,  C04B2235/3201 ,  C04B2235/3203 ,  C04B2235/3217 ,  C04B2235/3224 ,  C04B2235/3225 ,  C04B2235/3241 ,  C04B2235/3244 ,  C04B2235/3272 ,  C04B2235/3286 ,  C04B2235/3291 ,  C04B2235/447 ,  C04B2235/76 ,  C04B2235/77 ,  C04B2235/9692 ,  H01M10/054

Abstract: Metal ion conducting ceramic materials are disclosed having characteristics of high ion conductivity for certain alkali and monovalent metal ions at low temperatures, high selectivity for the metal ions, good current efficiency and stability in water and corrosive media under static and electrochemical conditions. The metal ion conducting ceramic materials are fabricated to be deficient in the metal ion. One general formulation of the metal ion conducting ceramic materials is Me 1+x+y-z M III y M IV 2-y Si x P 3-x O 12-z/2 , wherein Me is Na + , Li + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , Ag + , or mixtures thereof, 2.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.4, 0.0 ≤ y ≤ 1.0, and 0.05 ≤ z ≤ 0.9, where M III is Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , Cr 3+ , Sc 3+ , Fe 3+ , In 3+ , Yb 3+ , Y 3+ , or mixtures thereof and M IV is Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , Hf 4+ , or mixtures thereof.

Abstract translation: 公开了金属离子传导陶瓷材料，其在低温下对于某些碱金属离子和一价金属离子具有高离子传导性，对于金属离子具有高选择性，在静态和电化学条件下具有良好的电流效率以及在水中和腐蚀性介质中的稳定性。 金属离子导电陶瓷材料被制造为缺乏金属离子。 金属离子导电陶瓷材料的一般公式是Me1 + x + y-zMIII yMIV 2-ySixP3-xO12-z / 2，其中Me是Na +，Li +，K +，Rb +，Cs +，Ag +或其混合物，2.0 = x = 2.4,0.0 = y = 1.0，0.05 = z = 0.9，其中M III为Al3 +，Ga3 +，Cr3 +，Sc3 +，Fe3 +，In3 +，Yb3 +，Y3 +或其混合物，MIV为Ti4 +，Zr4 +，Hf4 + 它们。

公开(公告)号：WO2010027819A3

公开(公告)日：2010-03-11

申请号：PCT/US2009/054953

申请日：2009-08-25

Applicant: CERAMATEC, INC ,  PENDELTON, Justin ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  JOSHI, Ashok

Inventor： PENDELTON, Justin ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  JOSHI, Ashok

IPC: C25B1/34 ,  C25B1/26 ,  C25B9/08

Abstract: An electrochemical method for the production of a chlorine-based oxidant product, such as sodium hypochlorite, is disclosed. The method may potentially be used to produce sodium hypochlorite from sea water or low purity un-softened or NaCl-based salt solutions. The method utilizes alkali cation-conductive ceramic membranes, such as membranes based on NaSICON-type materials, and organic polymer membranes in electrochemical cells to produce sodium hypochlorite. Generally, the electrochemical cell includes three compartments and the first compartment contains an anolyte having a basic pH.

公开(公告)号：WO2008076327A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-26

申请号：PCT/US2007/025541

申请日：2007-12-12

Applicant: CERAMATEC, INC. ,  JOSHI, Ashok ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  PENDELTON, Justin

Inventor： JOSHI, Ashok ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  PENDELTON, Justin

IPC: C25B9/00 ,  H01M8/02

CPC classification number: C25B3/04 ,  C25B3/00

Abstract: Alkali alcoholates, also called alkali alkoxides, are produced from alkali metal salt solutions and alcohol using a three-compartment electrolytic cell (10). The electrolytic cell (10) includes an anolyte compartment (22) configured with an anode (26), a buffer compartment (24), and a catholyte compartment (20) configured with a cathode (28). An alkali ion conducting solid electrolyte (16) configured to selectively transport alkali ions is positioned between the anolyte compartment (22) and the buffer compartment (24). An alkali ion permeable separator (14) is positioned between the buffer compartment (24) and the catholyte compartment (20). The catholyte solution may include an alkali alcoholate and alcohol. The anolyte solution may include at least one alkali salt. The buffer compartment solution may include a soluble alkali salt and an alkali alcoholate in alcohol.

Abstract translation: 碱金属醇盐，也称为碱金属醇盐，使用三室电解池（10）由碱金属盐溶液和醇制备。 电解槽（10）包括由阳极（26），缓冲室（24）和构成阴极（28）的阴极电解液室（20）构成的阳极电解液室（22）。 配置成选择性地输送碱离子的碱离子传导固体电解质（16）位于阳极电解液室（22）和缓冲室（24）之间。 碱离子可渗透分离器（14）位于缓冲室（24）和阴极电解液室（20）之间。 阴极电解液可以包括碱性醇化物和醇。 阳极电解液可以包括至少一种碱金属盐。 缓冲室溶液可以包括可溶性碱金属盐和醇中的碱金属盐。

公开(公告)号：WO2007087426A3

公开(公告)日：2007-08-02

申请号：PCT/US2007/002120

申请日：2007-01-25

Applicant: CERAMATEC, INC. ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  AKASH, Akash ,  PENDELTON, Justin

Inventor： BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  AKASH, Akash ,  PENDELTON, Justin

IPC: B32B9/00 ,  C08J7/04

Abstract: An apparatus (100) and method to improve protection of a pre-coated substrate(102) in a high-temperature aqueous environment. The apparatus (100 may include a pre-coated substrate (012) having a substantially porous vapor-deposited coating (104) and one or more non-porous ceramic oxide-based layers (106) applied to the pre-coated substrate (102) by a non-vapor deposition technique. The coefficient of thermal expansion corresponding to the non-porous ceramic oxide-based layer (106) may substantially match the thermal expansion coefficient of the vapor-deposited coating (104) to facilitate thermal compatibility between the two. Further, the non-porous ceramic oxide-based layer (106) may infiltrate pores of the substantially porous vapor-deposited coating (104) to provide a well-bonded hermetic seal that limits fluid access to the pre-coated substrate (102) through the substantially porous vapor-deposited coating (104).

公开(公告)号：WO2010027825A2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-11

申请号：PCT/US2009/054966

申请日：2009-08-25

Applicant: CERAMATEC, INC. ,  BHAVARAJU, Sai ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  PENDELTON, Justin ,  JOSHI, Ashok

Inventor： BHAVARAJU, Sai ,  BALAGOPAL, Shekar ,  PENDELTON, Justin ,  JOSHI, Ashok

IPC: C25B1/34 ,  C02F1/467

CPC classification number: C25B1/46 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B15/02

Abstract: An electrochemical method for the production of a chlorine-based oxidant product, such as sodium hypochlorite, is disclosed. The method may potentially be used to produce sodium hypochlorite from sea water or low purity un-softened or NaCl-based salt solutions. The method utilizes alkali cation-conductive ceramic membranes, such as membranes based on NaSICON-type materials, and organic polymer membranes in electrochemical cells to produce sodium hypochlorite. Generally, the electrochemical cell includes three compartments and the first compartment contains an anolyte having an acidic pH.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于生产氯基氧化剂产品如次氯酸钠的电化学方法。 该方法可潜在地用于从海水或低纯度未软化或NaCl基盐溶液生产次氯酸钠。 该方法使用碱性阳离子导电陶瓷膜，例如基于NaSICON型材料的膜和电化学电池中的有机聚合物膜来生产次氯酸钠。 通常，电化学电池包括三个室，第一室包含具有酸性pH的阳极电解液。