摘要:
In the hydrocyanation reaction of butadiene proceeding through pentenenitriles to adiponitrile, catalysis by complexes of zerovalent nickel with bidentate phosphorus-based ligands of the NiL 2 A type wherein L 2 is a bidentate ligand and A is an unsaturated compound, can be rate-limited by the solubility of the catalytic complex. The present invention concerns solvent compositions for the nickel-ligand complex comprising mixtures of unsaturated nitriles that provide for increased metal solubility, particularly in the absence of a Lewis acid promoter, resulting in higher hydrocyanation reaction rates in an industrial-scale process for production of important nylon manufacturing intermediates. The mixed nitrile solvent compositions can include mixtures of pentenenitriles and/or methylbutenenitriles. The mixtures of mixed unsaturated nitriles can be, at least in part, from recycle streams from the hydrocyanation reaction for which the nickel-bidentate ligand complexes are used as catalysts.
摘要:
A nickel particulate form is provided that efficiently forms a zero-valent nickel complex with a phosphorus-containing ligands in an organic liquid to form a hydrocyanation catalyst. Particles in the nickel particulate form comprise nickel crystallites. The nickel particulate form has a BET Specific Surface Area of at least about 1 m /g and an average crystallite size no greater than about 100 nm. The nickel particulate form further has a sulfur content of at least 0.1 wt.%. Test procedures for use within a possible preparation sequence, complexes with, in particular, bidentate phosphorus-containing ligands, e.g. bis-phosphite Ligand (V), their preparation and use in hydrocyanation of, in particular; olefins, such as 3-pentenenitrile, are also provided.
摘要:
These disclosures relate to preparing nickel metal (Ni(0)) suited for use in catalyst systems, such as nickel complexes with phosphorus-containing ligands, useful to catalyze the hydrocyanation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds. The methods described herein can include use of steam during reduction of nickel.
摘要:
As described herein, nickel treated with sulfur provides an effective source of nickel atoms for generating nickel-phosphorus-containing Iigand complexes, in particular with bisphosphites, which are useful as olefin hydrocyanation catalysts, especially in ADN production.
摘要:
Disclosed are nickel-containing complexation precursors having high complexation activity for bidentate phosphite ligands. Also disclosed are methods of making the complexation precursors. The disclosed method of generating the nickel-containing complexation precursor includes including contacting a nickel starting material with a reductant under conditions sufficient to generate a nickel-containing complexation precursor having at least about 1,500 ppmw sulfur in the form of sulfide.
摘要:
The invention provides a method of forming a phosphonate diester compound from a ligand hydrolysis product (LHP) of a phosphite ligand used in a nickel-phosphite hydrocyanation catalyst, such as for conversion of 3-pentenenitrile to adiponitrile, which serves to eliminate acidic LHP compound for a hydrocyanation reaction milieu where the acidic LHP can catalyze further catalyst ligand destruction. The invention further provides phosphonate disester compounds prepared by alkylation of diarylphosphite LHP in the presence of a nickel-phosphite catalyst comprising a bidentate ligand, and a continuous hydrocyanation process for production of adiponitrile wherein catalyst ligand breakdown is inhibited through inactivation of ligand hydrolysis products towards further breakdown. A method of stabilizing a hydrocyanation catalyst is provided.
摘要:
These disclosures relate to preparing nickel metal (Ni(0)) suited for use in catalyst systems, such as nickel complexes with phosphorus-containing ligands, useful to catalyze the hydrocyanation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds. The methods described herein can include use of steam during reduction of nickel.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method of preparing a nickel complex including nickel and at least one phosphorus-containing ligand by reacting at least a portion of a nickel metal with at least one phosphorus-containing ligand. The nickel metal is prepared from a nickel composition including nickel(ll).
摘要:
A method of stabilizing a phosphorus-based ligand or a ligand blend comprising a plurality of phosphorus-based ligands, wherein the ligand or ligand blend comprises one or more of (i) a bidentate biphosphite ligand of formula (III), (R 12 -X 12 ) (R 13 -X 13 )P-X 14 -Y-Χ 24 -P (X 22 -R 22 ) (X 23 -R 23 ) (ii) a tridentate triphosphite ligand of formula (IIIΑ) (R 12 -X 12 ) (R 13 -X 13 )P-X 14 -Y-Χ 32 -P(X 34 -R 34 )-(X 33 -Y 2 -R 24 -P(X 23 -R 23 )-(X 22 -R 22 ) or (iii) a monodentate phosphite ligand of formula (IV) P(X 1 -R 1 )(X 2 -R 2 )(X 3 -R 3 ) where each X is oxygen or a bond and each Y is optionally substituted C6-C20 arylene; the process comprising forming a mixture of the ligand or the ligand blend with a liquid which partially or fully solubilizes the ligand or ligand blend, the liquid consisting essentially of one or more of: (a) a solvent system that does not contain peroxidizable species; or, (b) a solvent system that is substantially free of a dissolved metal.