Abstract:
Described herein is an organic-inorganic hybrid compound comprising a salt of an organic cation with a polyoxometalate anion, comprising a stoichiometric ratio of organic cation to polyoxometalate anion. More specifically the following formulae (I) - (IV) describe the organic cations: Also described are methods of making an organic-inorganic hybrid compound; a precursor composition; methods of making a precursor composition; a nanocomposite proton-exchange membrane; methods of making a nanocomposite proton-exchange membrane; a membrane-electrode assembly; methods of making a membrane-electrode assembly; a fuel cell; and associated uses.
Abstract:
This invention provides supported catalysts comprising a carrier, phosphorus, at least one Group VI metal, at least one Group VIII metal, and a polymer. In the catalyst, the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VI metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12, the molar ratio of the Group VI metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, and the polymer has a carbon backbone and comprises functional groups having at least one heteroatom. Also provided are a process for preparing such supported catalysts, as well as methods for hydrotreating, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydro desulfurization, using supported catalysts.
Abstract:
L'invention concerne un catalyseur bimétallique ou trimétallique, polyfonctionnel, notamment trifonctionnel, constitué d'un hétéropolyacide (HP A), d'un élément Z du groupe IA ou IIA, d'un métal M' du groupe VIIB ou VIIIB et d'un métal M" du groupe IB ou IIB. Ce catalyseur peut être utilisé dans la transformation de la matière lignocellulosique en molécules organiques constituant un biocarburant.
Abstract:
Catalyst supports, supported catalysts, and a method of preparing and using the catalysts for the demetallation of metal-containing heavy oil feedstocks are disclosed. The catalyst supports comprise alumina and 5 wt% or less titania. Catalyst prepared from the supports have at least 30 to 80 volume percent of its pore volume in pores having a diameter of between 200 and 500 angstroms. Catalysts in accordance with the invention exhibit improved catalytic activity and stability to remove metals from heavy feedstocks during a hydroconversion process. The catalysts also exhibit increased sulfur and MCR conversion.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to hydrogenation catalysts prepared from polyoxometalate precursors. The polyoxometalate precursors introduce a support modifier to the catalyst. The catalysts are used for hydrogenating alkanoic acids and/or esters thereof to alcohols, preferably with conversion of the ester coproduct. The catalyst may also comprise one or more active metals.
Abstract:
Oxidation catalysts can be prepared from heteropoly acids and quaternized nitrogen compounds. The oxidation catalysts can be used in oxidation processes such as oxidative desulfurization, for example. Such oxidative desulfurization processes can comprise: providing an oxidation catalyst comprising a solid reaction product obtained from a reaction between a quaternized nitrogen compound and a heteropoly acid that has been at least partially neutralized with a base, the solid reaction product having a molar ratio of an alkali metal to phosphorus of less than about 1; combining the oxidation catalyst with an oxidizing agent and a petroleum source comprising an oxidizable sulfur compound; reacting at least a portion of the oxidizable sulfur compound to form an oxidized sulfur compound; and removing the oxidized sulfur compound from the petroleum source to form a reduced sulfur content petroleum product.
Abstract:
A process for generating at least one polyol from a feedstock comprising saccharide is performed in a continuous or batch manner using a catalyst system. The process involves, contacting hydrogen, water, and a feedstock comprising saccharide, with a catalyst system to generate an effluent stream comprising at least one polyol and recovering the polyol from the effluent stream. The catalyst system comprises at least one metal component with an oxidation state greater than or equal to 2+.
Abstract:
A process for preparing a catalyst having a minimized amount of basic sites used in a production of acrolein and acrylic acid by dehydration reaction of glycerin, comprising more than one cycle of contacting a material with a solution of at least one acid precursor or one heteropolyacid or one heteropolyacid salt, drying and calcining the resulting solid mixture. This invention relates also to an improved catalyst used in the dehydration reaction of glycerine and further to a process for preparing acrolein and/or acrylic acid carried out in the presence of the dehydration catalyst.
Abstract:
A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass is treated with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates. The pretreated biomass is contacted, with hydrogen at a temperature in the range of 150°C to less than 300°C in the presence of a pH buffering agent and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a suitable support, to form a plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons.