摘要:
A wastewater refinery comprising one or more electrodialytic cells with mono-, di-, or multi-valent selective membranes interspersed with one or more concentrate compartments to selectively recovery ions from wastewater. The wastewater refinery may harvest ions by utilising techniques including ion selective resins and pervaporation. The refinery finds particular application for recovery of potassium, phosphate and ammonium.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which an aqueous stream comprising solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions is processed such that multivalent ions are selectively retained and monovalent ions are selectively removed. According to certain embodiments, an aqueous feed stream is transported through an ion-selective separator to produce a multivalent-ion- enriched stream and a monovalent-ion-enriched stream. The monovalent-ion-enriched stream may be transported through a desalination apparatus to produce a substantially pure water stream and a concentrated aqueous stream. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the multivalent-ion-enriched stream produced by the ion-selective separator is combined with at least a portion of the substantially pure water stream produced by the desalination apparatus to produce a combined product stream containing a relatively large percentage of the solubilized multivalent ions from the aqueous feed stream and a relatively small percentage of the solubilized monovalent ions from the aqueous feed stream.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are systems and methods in which multivalent ions are selectively retained in an aqueous stream. According to certain embodiments, multiple separations may be used to process an aqueous feed stream containing solubilized monovalent ions and solubilized multivalent ions to produce a stream enriched in the solubilized multivalent ions. The separations may be arranged, according to certain embodiments, to enhance the overall separation process such that the product stream contains - relative to the initial aqueous feed stream - a high amount of solubilized multivalent ions, a high amount of water from the aqueous feed stream, and/or a high ratio of solubilized multivalent ions to solubilized monovalent ions.
摘要:
The invention relates to an apparatus for removal of ions from water comprising: a first functional layer system comprising a carbon coated first current collector CL and optionally a first charge barrier layer CB1; a second functional layer system comprising a carbon coated second current collector CL2 and optionally a second charge barrier CB2; and a spacer SP in between the first and second functional layer system to allow water to flow in between the first and second functional layer system. Ionomer IM1 is provided to the first functional layer system. Ionomer IM2 is provided to the second functional layer system.
摘要:
The invention provides methods and compositions for the protection of a membrane from both biofouling and from damage caused by a biocide. The invention utilizes PAA as both a biocide and as a reducing agent for other oxidizing biocides. This is especially beneficial because without the invention one would be forced to choose between preventing membrane biofouling or preventing membrane damage from oxidizing biocides.
摘要:
A water stream is passed between two juxtaposed similar ion exchange membranes (AEMs or CEMs), forming an ion depletion and ion enrichment zones when an electric field is applied. As cations are selectively transferred through the CEMs, for example, anions are relocated in order to achieve electro-neutrality, resulting in the concentration drop (increase) in ion depletion (enrichment) zone. Trifurcation of the output channel allows collection of concentrated, dilute and intermediate streams, with the intermediate stream serving as input to the next stage of a serialized implementation.
摘要:
According to various aspects and embodiments, a system and method for treating, storing, and delivering one or more liquids is provided. The systems and methods may utilize a water treatment assembly comprising a tank that includes an internal flow structure, a telescopic fitting, and a multi-port head fitting.
摘要:
The present invention provides a device for preparing oxidants, esp. based on ion exchange. The device comprises: a cathode, an anode, ion exchange materials, wherein the ion exchange materials are filled between the cathode and the anode and configured to provide reductive ions by ion exchange, the provided reductive ions being starting materials for preparing the oxidants based on electrolysis. The electrolysis materials may be a cationic polymer with reductive counter ions. Preferably, it could be an anion exchange resin with Cl- or I- as counter ions. The device provided in the present invention can preclude safety problems occurring during transportation and storage etc. of oxidants; the oxidants can be used at any time or in any amount and there is no expiration concern, which avoids waste and is environmentally friendly; the concentration of the required oxidant can be adjusted, which is easy for use.
摘要:
A composition comprising: a)5to 65wt% of curable compoundcomprising one ethylenically unsaturated group and at least one anionic group; b)2.5 to 70wt% of crosslinking agent comprising at least two acrylic groups; c)a tertiary amine; and d)0 to 45wt% of inert solvent; wherein the molar ratio of component c) to a) is at least 0.7. Also described are a process for making composite membranes and the resultant membranes.