Abstract:
An apparatus and method are disclosed for efficient detection of ions ejected from a quadrupolar ion trap, in which the ions are ejected as first and second groups of ions having different directions. The first and second groups of ions are received by a conversion dynode structure, which responsively emits secondary particles that are directed to a shared detector, such as an electron multiplier. The conversion dynode structure may be implemented as a common dynode or as two dynodes (or sets of dynodes), with each dynode positioned to receive one of the groups of ions.
Abstract:
An ion detector system for a mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising a first device arranged and adapted to receive ions and emit or output first electrons and a microwave cavity resonator arranged and adapted to deflect the first electrons onto a first detector.
Abstract:
An ion source includes a cathode emitting primary electrons, a cathode grid downstream of the cathode, a reflector electrode downstream of the cathode grid, a reflector grid radially inward of the reflector electrode, and an extractor electrode downstream of the reflector electrode. The cathode and the cathode grid have a voltage difference such that the electric field accelerates the primary electrons on a trajectory toward the extractor electrode. The reflector grid and the extractor electrode have a voltage difference such that the electric field repels the primary electrons on a trajectory away from the extractor electrode and toward the reflector electrode. The cathode and reflector electrode have a voltage difference such that some primary electrons strike the reflector electrode, creating secondary electrons. The reflector grid has a positive potential such that the electric field attracts the primary and secondary electrons into the ionization region where they interact with ionizable gas.
Abstract:
L' invention concerne une photocathode (1) semi-transparente pour détecteur de photons présentant un taux d' absorption augmenté pour un taux de transport préservé. Selon l'invention, la photocathode (1) comporte un réseau de diffraction (30) en transmission apte à diffracter lesdits photons et disposé dans la couche support (10) sur laquelle est déposée la couche photoémissive (20).
Abstract:
The subject matter described herein relates to a method for collection of atmospheric ions subject to an electron avalanche associated with a gas multiplication effect between parallel plate collectors. A voltage source can be provided. The voltage source can provide a voltage that can cause a high electric field between two consecutive plates of the plurality of parallel plates. The high electric field can cause an electron avalanche that can cause electron multiplication. Energy associated with these multiplied electrons can be extracted, and studied to give insight into where the most abundant source of atmospheric charge is located. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a resonator structure in which an alternating current (AC) voltage is additionally applied between two metallic surfaces where a constant direct current (DC) voltage is applied to allow either of the two metallic surfaces to generate a pulse electron beam in a stable manner through an electron amplification caused by a secondary electron. The present invention also relates to a photonic crystal resonator in which a direct current (DC) voltage, a pulse signal, or the like are additionally applied via an external power source to the 2-dimensional photonic crystal resonator where electromagnetic waves are coupled to generate a pulse electron beam through a secondary electron amplification, thereby forming deflected electromagnetic waves (AC signals) of several GHz frequency or higher between two metal plates constituting the resonator.
Abstract:
본 발명은 일정한 DC(Direct Current: 직류) 전압이 인가된 두 금속면 사이에 AC(Alternating Current: 교류) 전압을 부가적으로 인가함으로써 두 금속면 중 한쪽 금속면에서 이차전자에 의한 전자증폭현상으로 안정적으로 펄스 전자빔을 발생시킬 수 있는 공진기 구조와, 이차전자 증폭을 통한 펄스 전자빔 발생을 위해 전자기파가 결합된 이차원 광결정 공동 공진기에 DC(Direct Current: 직류) 전압, 펄스 신호 등을 외부 전원장치를 통해 추가적으로 인가함으로써, 공진기를 구성하고 있는 두 금속판 사이에서 수 GHz 주파수 이상의 편향된 전자기파(AC 신호)를 형성할 수 있는 광결정 공진기에 관한 것이다.
Abstract:
An ion detector system for a mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising a first device arranged and adapted to receive ions and emit or output first electrons and a microwave cavity resonator arranged and adapted to deflect the first electrons onto a first detector.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Detektorvorrichtung, die dazu ausgebildet ist Licht zu empfangen und elektrische Signale zu erzeugen, mit einem Gehäuse und einem in dem Gehäuse angeordneten Detektor, wobei der Detektor einen Lichtsensor aufweist, der dazu ausgebildet ist, Licht zu empfangen und Elektronen freizusetzen. Die Detektorvorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Lichtsensor auf einem niedrigeren elektrischen Potentialniveau liegt, als das Gehäuse, und dass der Detektor durch eine elektrisch isolierende Zwischenanordnung in wärmeleitendem Kontakt zu dem Gehäuse steht, wobei innerhalb des Gehäuses die Wärmeleitungsrichtung der Lichtausbreitungsrichtung des zu detektierenden Lichtes entgegengesetzt ist.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method are disclosed for efficient detection of ions ejected from a quadrupolar ion trap, in which the ions are ejected as first and second groups of ions having different directions. The first and second groups of ions are received by a conversion dynode structure, which responsively emits secondary particles that are directed to a shared detector, such as an electron multiplier. The conversion dynode structure may be implemented as a common dynode or as two dynodes (or sets of dynodes), with each dynode positioned to receive one of the groups of ions.