Abstract:
The embodiments of the invention provide methods to deal with problems of cycle slips, angular skew, and residual phase noise for high-speed optical communications employing any arbitrary high-order multi-dimensional modulation formats. The embodiments use a slip process analyzer, a skew angle estimator, and a phase noise variance estimator to provide feedforward soft-decision information of a carrier phase recovery (CPE) for more accurate likelihood calculation based on a high-order hidden Markov model (HMM). The log-likelihood calculation can be done jointly in dual polarization with joint Markov state transition. Some embodiments use a kernel filter or a particle filter for log-likelihood calculation.
Abstract:
A detection circuit performs a turbo detection process to recover a frame of data symbols from a received signal, the data symbols of the frame having been effected, during transmission, by a Markov process with the effect that the data symbols of the frame in the received signal are dependent one or more preceding data symbols which can be represented as a trellis having a plurality of trellis stages. The detection circuit comprises a plurality of processing elements, each of the processing elements is associated with one of the trellis stages representing the dependency of the data symbols of the frame according to the Markov process and each of the processing elements is configured to receive one or more soft decision values corresponding to one or more data symbols associated with the trellis stage, and each of one or more of the processing elements is configured, in one clock cycle to receive fixed point data representing a priori forward state metrics a priori backward state metrics, and fixed point data representing a priori soft decision values for the one or more data symbols being detected for the trellis stage. For each of a plurality of clock cycles of the turbo detection process, the detection circuit is configured to process, for each of the processing elements representing the trellis stages, the a priori information for the one or more data symbols being detected for the trellis stage associated with the processing element, and to provide the extrinsic soft decision values corresponding to the one or more data symbols for a next clock cycle of the turbo detection process.
Abstract:
Access terminals are adapted to facilitate closed-loop transmit diversity in wireless communications systems. According to one example, an access terminal can calculate an uplink error rate for even slot indexes and a separate uplink error rate for odd slot indexes in an uplink frame to be transmitted. A respective downlink error rate can be estimated for an in-phase (I) component and a quadrature-phase (Q) component of a downlink transmission. The access terminal may further estimate a phase-related weight that was applied to the downlink transmission based on the downlink error rates and the uplink error rates. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also included.
Abstract:
This interference reduction method in a receiver (2) comprising at least two antennas (4, 6), each receiving a signal transmitted through a radio propagation channel, comprises the following steps: - weighting (20) of each of the signals received with a weighting vector associated respectively with a respective antenna of the receiver; - combination (22) of the weighted signals received to obtain a combined received signal; - weighting (24) of a reference signal with another weighting vector; - comparison (26) of the combined received signal and the weighted reference signal to obtain an error; and - determination (28) of the weighting vectors with the help of the maximum a posteriori criterion by maximising the probability of realisation of the said weighting vectors conditionally with the error obtained.
Abstract:
An apparatus for decoding digital data includes a processor for recreating a priori training information received with the digital data for provision to a maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder. The processor detects locations of symbols in the input data stream and regenerates data corresponding to each location. The regenerated data is used by the processor to recreate a priori information suitable to each location of the input data stream location and provides the recreated a priori information to the MAP decoder to aid in the decoding of the digital data. In a preferred implementation, the a priori training data is structured so that after deterministic processing and trellis encoding at the transmitter, it can be regenerated by the processor as a pseudo noise (PN) sequence using a PN sequence generator.
Abstract:
Information is transmitted indicating when a burst mode will take place which intervenes during a regular transmission mode. The information transmitted can also include information indicating how long such a burst mode will be and the contents of the burst mode where such contents can be identified as video, audio, system information, advertisements, or interactive content.
Abstract:
A digital broadcasting reception apparatus and robust stream decoding method thereof. The digital broadcasting reception apparatus includes a robust decoder that decodes a robust stream of a dual transport stream where a normal stream and the robust stream are combined. The robust decoder includes a first decoder that trellis-decodes the robust stream; a robust deinterleaver that interleaves the trellis-decoded robust stream; a second decoder that convolution decodes the deinterleaved robust stream; a robust interleaver that interleaves the convolution-decoded robust stream; and a frame formatter that adds decoded data of the second decoder to a part that corresponds to a position of the robust stream of a frame where the normal stream and the robust stream are mixed. Accordingly, a receiver of a simple structure can be provided.
Abstract:
A digital broadcasting transmission system processes dual transport stream (TS) including multi turbo streams. The digital broadcasting transmission system includes a turbo processor to detect a turbo stream from a dual transport stream (TS) which includes a multiplexed normal stream and a turbo stream, encoding the detected turbo stream and stuffing the encoded turbo stream into the dual TS; and a transmitter to trellis-encode the processed dual TS, and to output the resultant stream, wherein the turbo processor encodes the turbo stream using a plurality of turbo processors. Accordingly, a plurality of turbo streams may be processed in parallel.
Abstract:
A digital broadcasting transmission system processes dual transport stream (TS) including multi turbo streams. The digital broadcasting transmission system includes a turbo processor to detect a turbo stream from a dual transport stream (TS) which includes a multiplexed normal stream and a turbo stream, encoding the detected turbo stream and stuffing the encoded turbo stream into the dual TS; and a transmitter to trellis-encode the processed dual TS, and to output the resultant stream, wherein the turbo processor encodes the turbo stream using a plurality of turbo processors. Accordingly, a plurality of turbo streams may be processed in parallel.