The invention discloses a Doppler frequency shift correction method for rail transit high-speed mobile context. The method includes the steps that the current position S1 of a train is acquired, the basic impulse response S2 of a channel at a predicted position of the train is determined, the Doppler frequency shift f of each path in the channel is calculated based on the basic impulse response of the channel at the predicted position of the train and the current speed of the train, and detail tracing and compensation of carrier frequency are performed on the Doppler frequency shift of each path through a fine frequency shift estimation method. By means of the technical scheme, the communication quality can be improved while communication performance is guaranteed in a high-speed moving state, and the requirement for transmission speed and quality of a high-speed mobile user is met.