The invention discloses a single-piece conveying double-piece basket feeding system and method in a silicon wafer automatic conveying system, and the problem of insertion of two sheets in a basket tool in single silicon chip conveying on an automatic production line is solved. A silicon wafer inserting and conveying mechanism (6) is arranged on the working table surface of an equipment bracket (1)between a silicon wafer conveying mechanism (5) and a basket lifting mechanism (4); a conveying belt (13) is arranged on a silicon wafer inserting cantilever plate (17), and conveying of the siliconwafer (18) is realized by the conveying belt (13) under the control of a conveying motor (12); an insertion movable bracket control air cylinder (15) is arranged on the equipment bracket (1); the output shaft of the insertion movable bracket control air cylinder (15) is connected with a silicon wafer insertion sliding plate bracket (14) together; and a silicon wafer basket feeding sensor (21) anda silicon wafer basket feeding in-place sensor (20) are arranged on the basket lifting mechanism (4) separately. By virtue of the system, two silicon wafers can be inserted into the same tooth, so that the production efficiency of the texturing single line is improved.