The utility model provides a bogie axle box body structure, a bogie and a rail vehicle, and the bogie axle box body structure comprises an upper box body and a lower box body; the upper box body is detachably fixed on the lower box body; and the upper box body is provided with a vibration temperature composite sensor mounting interface. The embodiment of the utility model provides a bogie axle boxbody structure, a bogie and a rail vehicle. The vibration temperature composite sensor mounting interface is arranged on the upper box body of the bogie axle box body structure, so that the bogie ofthe high-speed train can be provided with the vibration temperature composite sensor, the requirements of the high-speed train are met, the faults of a bearing and wheels can be pre-judged through thevibration temperature composite sensor, and the safe operation order of the bullet train is improved.