A substrate for an electronic system includes a glass core layer. The glass core layer includes a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and at least one through-glass via (TGV) extending through the glass core layer from the first surface to the second surface. The TGV includes an opening filled with an electrically conductive material; and a via liner including a sidewall material disposed on a sidewall of the opening between the glass of the glass core layer and the electrically conductive material, wherein the sidewall material includes carbon.