摘要:
A diesel engine (20) has a plurality of combustion chambers (22) with a piston (24). The engine has pressure sensors (26) in the chambers (22) and a position sensor (28) for sensing the crankshaft angle. A first comparator (36) adapted to recevive a signal 31 from position sensor (28) is connected to a differentiator (30). The pressure sensors (26) are connected to the differentiator (30). The differentiator (30) calculates the combustion chaber pressure derivative with respect to the crank angle and sends the result to a second comparator (40). The second comparator (40) compares each of the combustion chamber derivatives with respect to the crankshaft angle values at a first time and a later second time and sends the result to a trigger circuit (42) which sends a control signal (43) to operate the initiation and duration of water injectors (56).
摘要:
A combustor for burning the untreated exhaust of an internal combustion engine heats and burns the exhaust prior to release into the atmosphere, or prior to introduction into a downstream treatment system such as a catalytic converter. The combustor defines a novel, passive flame holder in combination with an igniter, whereby the exhaust continues to burn, without assist, once ignited. Managed air injection may be employed. The combustor is configured to fit within standard exhaust systems with a minimum of modification to the overall exhaust assembly. The combustor is particularly useful in cold start conditions for increasing the temperature of the exhaust to catalytic converter operating temperatures and for use in small engine applications where exhaust has heretofore been released untreated.
摘要:
A method and apparatus (100) for detecting and measuring the amount of crude oil in underground rock formations. EPR measurements are used to calculate the amount of crude oil, and may be calibrated to determine the particular type of crude oil. These measurements may be used in conjunction with NMR measurements, to provide accurate estimations of pore size and permeability.
摘要:
A composite for retarding bacterial, fungal and viral contamination and mold growth includes a hydrophilic material containing an α-amino ether and a chloride salt, and a hydrophobic material containing an acid releasing agent. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials are adjacent and substantially free of water, and the hydrophilic material is capable of releasing chlorine dioxide upon hydrolysis of the acid releasing agent.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an ion beam assisted method of producing a diamond like carbon (DLC) coating on the surface of a material. More particular, the invention relates to an ion beam assisted method using a fullerene precursor to produce a DLC coating, wherein the chemical composition of the ion beam and precursor are selectively chosen to determine the physical properties of the DLC coating.
摘要:
Un transducteur (10) se compose d'une enveloppe cylindrique (12) et d'au moins d'une paire de sections piézoélectriques (14a et 14b). Chaque élément de la paire de sections piézoélectriques (14a et 14b) est lié rigidement à la paroi du cylindre (12), dans une position diamétralement opposée à celle de l'autre élément de la paire. Le fonctionnement en tant que transducteur de source acoustique est possible par alimentation électrique de chaque section piézoélectrique (14a et 14b) de manière à provoquer l'allongement et la contraction des sections piézoélectriques (14a et 14b), respectivement déphasées l'une par rapport à l'autre, sur la longueur du cylindre (12). Cela provoque une courbure avec flexion dudit cylindre (12), la courbure étant asymétrique par rapport à l'axe (12y) du cylindre. Lorsque l'on utilise une paire de sections piézoélectriques (14a et 14b) de cette manière, le transducteur (10) se rapproche d'undit pôle acoustique, et si l'on utilise plus d'une paire, le transducteur (10) peut servir à se rapprocher dedits pôles acoustiques polarisés d'ordre supérieur. Divers modes de réalisation de l'invention sont particulièrement utiles, soit comme source soit comme détecteur acoustique dans des trous de sondages remplis de liquide, destinés à des applications géophysiques.