Abstract:
Provided is a catalyst for the oxidation of o-xylene and/or naphthalene to phthalic anhydride, which has a plurality of catalyst zones which are arranged in series in the reaction tube and has been produced using an antimony trioxide which comprises a significant proportion of valentinite. Also disclosed is a process for gas-phase oxidation, in which a gas stream comprising at least one hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is passed through a catalyst produced using an antimony trioxide which comprises a significant proportion of valentinite.
Abstract:
A catalyst for the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 , a process for producing it and its use in a process for the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 are provided. The catalyst comprises active substance comprising vanadium, alkali metal compounds and sulfate applied to a support comprising naturally occurring diatomaceous earths, wherein the support comprises at least one relatively soft naturally occurring uncalcined diatomaceous earth which has a percentage reduction of at least 35% in its D 50 value determined in a particle size determination according to the dry method in comparison with the wet method.
Abstract:
What is described is a process for starting up a gas phase oxidation reactor for oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride, said reactor comprising at least one catalyst layer and being temperature-controllable by means of a heat carrier medium, wherein a) the catalyst layer is interrupted by a moderator layer which is less catalytically active than the catalyst layer or is catalytically inactive, b) a gas stream is passed through the reactor with an initial loading of o-xylene and at an initial temperature of the heat transfer medium, c) the loading of the gas stream is increased to a target loading and, in parallel, the temperature of the heat transfer medium is lowered to an operating temperature. The introduction of the moderator layer allows the loading to be increased more rapidly and the startup time to be shortened.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a shell catalyst, according to which a fine-particle mixture consisting of a multi-element oxide containing the elements Mo and V, and a molybdenum oxide or a molybdenum oxide forming agent, is applied to the surface of a carrier body as an active substance.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for gas phase oxidation, wherein a gaseous flow comprising aromatic hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is conducted through two or more catalyst layers. The present invention further relates to a catalyst system for gas phase reaction using an upstream layer. The product of diameter times the height, or the volume, of the inert and/or catalyst rings disposed upstream is less than at least one of the subsequent catalyst layers, or the quotient of the surface per volume of the upstream inert and/or catalyst rings is greater than at least one of the subsequent catalyst layers.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst system for producing carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides, said system having at least three catalysts layers that are situated one above the other in the reaction tube, with the proviso that the active mass fraction, in relation to the total mass of the catalyst, of one or more of the central catalyst layers is lower than the active mass fraction of one or more of the upper catalyst layers lying on the gas inlet side and is lower than the active mass fraction of one or more of the lower catalyst layers lying on the gas outlet side. The invention also relates to a method for gas phase oxidation using said catalyst system.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a catalyst system for the manufacture of carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides, which has at least four catalyst layers which are arranged one on top of the other in the reaction tube, with the ratio of the packed bed lengths of the selective catalyst layers to the packed bed lengths of the active catalyst layers lying between 1.4 and 2. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for gas-phase oxidation, by which a gasiform flow, which contains hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen, is conducted through several catalyst layers, with the ratio of packed bed lengths of the selective catalyst layers to the packed bed lengths of the active catalyst layers lying between 1.4 and 2.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing an aromatic or heteroaromatic nitrile in the presence of a supported catalyst which comprises a support having a mean diameter of ≤ 78 µm. The present invention further relates to the novel supported catalyst as such and to a process for preparing this novel supported catalyst.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a shell catalyst comprising: a) a supporting material selected among aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, thorium dioxide, silicon carbide, or mixtures thereof; and b) an active mass in the shell, containing vanadium (V), antimony (Sb), and at least one element selected among molybdenum (Mo) and/or tungsten (W) in an oxidic form, respectively. The supporting material is spherical or nearly spherical with a diameter ranging between 2 and 10 mm, or tubular. Also disclosed are a method for producing said shell catalyst as well as the use thereof in an ammoxidation process.