Abstract:
A process for coating plastic or metal surfaces by treating the plastic or metal surface in question with an aqueous dispersion comprising (A) at least one ethylene copolymer having a molecular weight Mn in the range from 2000 to 20 000 g/mol, selected from those ethylene copolymers which contain, copolymerized as comonomers, (a) from 15.5 to 19.9% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated C3-C10-carboxylic acid and (b) from 80.1 to 84.5% by weight of ethylene, (B) at least one base, in one step and subsequently providing the plastic or metal surface in question with at least one further layer in at least one further step.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of alkane sulfonic acids, in particular methane sulfonic acid for increasing the permeability of underground petroliferous and/or gas-bearing carbonate rock formations and for dissolving carbonate contaminants and/or contaminants containing carbonates during petroleum production, especially at a temperature of at least 100 °C.
Abstract:
The invention relates to copolymers that contain, polymerized into them, as comonomers (a) ethylene, (b) one or more compounds of general formula (I), (c) optionally one or more alkenylphosphonic diesters, (d) optionally one or more additional radically copolymerizable comonomers, the variables being defined as follows: R1 is selected from hydrogen and unbranched or branched C1-C10 alkyl, R2 is selected from hydrogen and unbranched or branched C1-C10 alkyl, R3 is selected from hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl and unbranched or branched C1-C10 alkyl and unbranched or branched hydroxy-C2-C10 alkyl, as a free acid or partially or completely neutralized with alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonia or organic amine.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing carboxylate-rich copolymers from monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids having an average molecular weight Mw of at least 3000 g/mol and at least 20.1 % by weight of the dicarboxylic acid by radical polymerization in the presence of 2 to 19.9 molecular equivalents of an organic amine, based on the total amount of all COOH groups of the monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids at a temperature of not more than 130 °C. The invention also relates to carboxylate-rich copolymers which have a low neutralization degree and are obtained by the inventive method, and to the use of said copolymers for treating surfaces and as bonding agents for fiber bonding.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for coating metallic surfaces with a copolymer of olefins and/or dienes, acid monomers and optionally other monomers. According to said method, the metallic surfaces are contaminated by an oil and/or fat which is not removed before the coating. The invention also relates to metallic surfaces that can be obtained by means of the inventive method.
Abstract:
Process for making vinyl acetate from biomass, comprising the step of reacting (I) ethylene with (II) acetic acid to give vinyl acetate, wherein (I) ethylene is provided, starting from biomass, by a process comprising (a) producing carbon oxides from biomass, or capturing carbon dioxide from ambient air, optionally followed by electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide; (b) electrochemical reduction of carbon oxides from step (a) to give ethylene; and/or (c1) reacting hydrogen and carbon oxides from step (a) in the presence of a catalyst to give methanol, (c2) reacting methanol from step (c1) to form ethylene; and/or (d1) producing ethanol from biomass by fermentation, (d2) dehydrogenating ethanol from step (d1) to give ethylene; and/or (e) directly producing ethylene from biomass by fermentation;
(II) acetic acid is provided, starting from biomass or carbon dioxide captured from ambient air, by a process comprising (f) reacting methanol from step (c1) with carbon monoxide to give acetic acid; and/or (g1) reacting part of the ethylene from steps (b), (c2), (d2) or (e) with oxygen and water to give acetaldehyde, and (g2) reacting acetaldehyde from step (g1) with oxygen to give acetic acid; and/or (h) oxidative fermentation of ethanol from step (d1) to give acetic acid; and/or (i) producing acetic acid from biomass by biomass pyrolysis.
Abstract:
A Process for making vinyl acetate, comprising the steps: (a) providing hydrogen with a deuterium content below 90 ppm, based on the total hydrogen content, by water electrolysis using electrical power that is generated at least in part from non-fossil, renewable resources; (b) providing carbon dioxide; (c) reacting hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst to form methanol with a deuterium content below 90 ppm, based on the total hydrogen content; (d) reacting methanol from step (c) to form ethylene; and (e) reacting methanol from step (c) with carbon monoxide to form acetic acid; and/or (f1) reacting part of the ethylene from step (d) with oxygen and water to give acetaldehyde; (f2) reacting acetaldehyde from step (f1) with oxygen to give acetic acid; (g) reacting acetic acid from step (e) and/or step (f1) with ethylene from step (d) to give vinyl acetate.