摘要:
Filters 14 and smoking articles 10 include sodium bicarbonate- treated fibers 20 and activated carbon 18 capable of selectively removing one or more selected constituents from mainstream smoke. Methods for making cigarette filters and cigarettes using the sodium bicarbonate-treated fibers and activated carbon, and methods for treating mainstream smoke comprising the sodium bicarbonate-treated fibers and activated carbon are also provided.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for forming an article with template shaped channels 20 by (a) mixing a precursor 18 with a fibrous template 10, (b) forming the mixture into a pre-determined shape, (c) curing the mixture to form a precursor composite 19, (d) carbonizing the precursor composite, and (e) decomposing the fibrous template to yield a shaped carbon article 21 with template shaped channels 20.
摘要:
A pouched tobacco product (100) includes a lined pouch material of a web (130) and a water-soluble liner (120) adjacent the web and a tobacco component (110) contained within the lined pouch material . The water- soluble liner is interposed between the web and the tobacco component. The liner preferably reduces staining of the web by the tobacco component. Additionally, the liner may include a flavorant .
摘要:
A high-speed apparatus for applying material to cigarette paper during manufacture uses at least two independently operable, moving orifice devices, each positioned to deposit horizontal bands of material on a paper web at the dry end of a Fourdrinier wire. The resulting web may be cut into multiple webs, each web having a width corresponding to the effective width of a moving orifice device. Dynamic optical inspection apparatus evaluates add-on band uniformity, thickness, and/or spacing and adjusts operation of the apparatus accordingly. The apparatus can simultaneously produce both banded and unbanded paper for wrapping tobacco during cigarette manufacturing.
摘要:
Method and apparatus for growing plants includes an enclosed vessel (10) having a growth medium (50) containing a plant seed or seedling (54) in the upper part thereof and a free space (84') below into which plant roots can enter, means to feed water and nutrients to the vessel (34) to saturate the growth medium, means to remove excess water (38') and nutrients after reaching saturation, and means to regulate the amounts, intervals and rates of water and nutrients being fed for optimum plant growth.
摘要:
A process for roughening a metal surface is provided comprising applying a coating to the metal surface wherein the coating is a temporary barrier to an etchant attacking the metal surface and the coating is susceptible to the etchant gradually removing the coating, and then etching the coated metal surface with an aqueous bath containing the etchant effective to produce a roughened metal surface.
摘要:
An optical inspection system mounts on a cigarette making machine (200) or like system, and detects the presence of bands (5) having irregular widths or spacings. In response to the detection of irregular bands (5) the optical inspection system instructs the cigarette making machine (200) to reject cigarettes which will be subsequently made from portions of the cigarette paper containing the irregular bands. The optical inspection system includes a sensor (210) which can accommodate different types of cigarette paper, and band material having varying reflectance properties. In operation, sensor circuitry detects the range of voltages produced by a sensor detector (210), and formulates a peak value (or average peak value) for the range of voltages. The circuitry then takes a percentage of this peak value to form a threshold value. This threshold value is compared with the AC signal from the sensor detector (210). If the AC signal exceeds the threshold, then the circuitry asserts a signal to indicate that a band is present. The output of the sensor is fed to a computer (212). The computer detects whether the bands detected by the sensor (210) have regular band spacing and width.
摘要:
An expression mechanism for a toy having a lower lip (34), a cheek (22), and an eye (14), includes a support frame (82), a lip lever (78) pivotally connected to the support frame for engaging the lower lip of the toy, a cheek lever (76) pivotally connected to the support frame for engaging the cheek of the toy, an eye linkage (96) for opening and closing the eye of the toy, and a motor (121 ) for actuating one of the lip and cheek levers to cause the toy to simulate a facial expression. The lip and cheek levers are interconnected in a manner that when the cheek lever pivots in one direction, the Hp lever pivots in a generally opposite direction. The expression mechanism causes the toy to assume various facial expressions, including, but not limited to, smile, frown, and neutral.
摘要:
An aqueous edible paint composition is disclosed which is useful for painting edible substrates, particularly fat-based edible substrates such as chocolate. Also described is a method of making the edible paint and a kit containing the edible paint and edible substrate.