摘要:
A discrete carbon fibril characterized by a substantially constant diameter between about 3.5 and about 70 nanometers, length greater than about 5 times the diameter and less than about 100 times the diameter, an outer region of multiple essentially continuous layers of ordered carbon atoms and a distinct inner core region. The invention further concerns a plurality of such fibrils. The fibrils of this invention may be produced by contacting for an appropriate period of time and at a suitable pressure a suitable metal-containing particle with a suitable gaseous, carbon-containing compound, at a temperature between about 850°C and 1200°C, or by treating discrete carbon fibrils, characterized by a length greater than about 100 times the diameter. Carbon fibrils may also be continuously produced by continuously contacting for an appropriate period of time at suitable conditions. Another aspect of the invention concerns a composition of matter comprising a carbon fiber or a carbon plate and a plurality of fibrils. Carbon fibrils and compositions of matter comprising carbon fibrils are useful in composites having a matrix of e.g., an organic polymer, an inorganic polymer or a metal. In specific embodiments, the fibrils or the compositions of matter may be used to reinforce a structural material, to enhance the electrical or thermal conductivity of a material, to increase the surface area of an electrode or capacitor plate, to provide a support for a catalyst, or to shield an object from electromagnetic radiation.
摘要:
A process for producing aminophenyl-β-hydroxyethylsulfone of the formula (I), which comprises steps: (1) condensing nitrohalobenzene with mercaptoethanol in the presence of an alkali hydroxide and at least one reaction medium selected from N-alkyl-substituted amides and sulfoxides to produce mono-nitrophenyl-β-hydroxyethylsulfide of the formula (II): (2) oxidizing the mononitrophenyl-β-hydroxyethylsulfide (II) to produce mononitrophenyl-β-hydroxyethylsulfone of the formula (III): and (3) reducing the mononitrophenyl-β-hydroxyethylsulfone to produce the aminophenyl-β-hydroxyethylsulfone of the formula (I). This compound is useful as an intermediate for aminophenyl-β-sulfatoethylsulfone represented by the following formula: which is an important intermeidate for vinyl sulfone type reactive dyes largely used for dyeing cellulose fiber materials.
摘要:
A catalyst comprising a composition comprising a catalytic metal component, carbon and hydrogen deposited on a low surface area metal or metal alloy support is provided. Hydrocarbon treating and conversion processes utilizing the catalyst are also provided. The catalyst is particularly suitable for slurry processes.
摘要:
A method for producing metal carbonate is disclosed. The method includes the following steps of providing a first mixture of metal and a catalyst containing iron, NO groups, and N-containing ligands first; then introducing carbon dioxide to the first mixture to form a second mixture and obtaining a product. The method described here can improve the yield and decrease the cost of metal carbonate production.