摘要:
The present invention provides, inter alia, methods for treating or ameliorating an effect of a solid tumor present in a human. These methods include administering intratumorally to the human a unit dose of C. novyi, preferably C. novyi NT, colony forming units (CFUs), which contains about 1 x 10 3 -1 x 10 7 CFUs suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or solution. Methods for debulking a solid tumor present in a human, methods for ablating a solid tumor present in a human, a method for microscopically precise excision of tumor cells in a human, methods for treating or ameliorating an effect of a solid tumor that has metastasized to one or more sites in a human, unit doses of C. novyi, preferably C. novyi NT, CFUs, and kits for treating or ameliorating an effect of a solid tumor present in a human are also provided.
摘要:
The invention provides liposome compositions comprising liposomes encapsulating cyclodextrins that both bear ionizable functional groups, such as on their solvent-exposed surfaces, and encompass therapeutic agents, as well as uses thereof.
摘要:
There are currently few therapeutic options for patients with pancreatic cancers and new insights into the pathogenesis of this lethal disease are urgently needed. To this end, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the genes altered in 24 pancreatic tumors. First, we determined the sequences of 23,781 transcripts, representing 20,583 protein-encoding genes, in DNA from these tumors. Second, we searched for homozygous deletions and amplifications using microarrays querying ~one million single nucleotide polymorphisms in each sample. Third, we analyzed the transcriptomes of the same samples using SAGE and next-generation sequencing-by-synthesis technologies. We found that pancreatic cancers contain an average of 63 genetic alterations, of which 49 are point mutations, 8 are homozygous deletions, and 6 are amplifications. Further analyses revealed a core set of 12 regulatory processes or pathways that were each genetically altered in 70 % to 100 % of the samples. The data suggest that dysregulation of this core set of pathways is responsible for the major features of pancreatic tumorigenesis.
摘要:
Bacteria are manipulated to create desirable output traits using dominant negative alleles of mismatch repair proteins. Enhanced hypermutation is achieved by combination of mismatch repair deficinecy and exogenously applied mutagens. Stable bacteria containing desirable output traits are obtained by restoring mismatch reparir activity to the bacteria.
摘要:
Improvements on the basic method used for BEAMing increase sensitivity and increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The improvements have permitted the determination of intrinsic error rates of various DNA polymerases and have permitted the detection of rare and subtle mutations in DNA isolated from plasma of cancer patients.
摘要:
A strategy for drug-screening is based on cells that are isogenic except for a gene of interest. Each cell can be tranfected with a vector that encodes a different fluorescent protein that can be differentially detected to monitor cell growth. Co-culture of both cells allows facile screening for compounds with selective toxicity towards a gene of interest. The drug screening is broadly applicable for mining therapeutic agents targeted to specific genetic alterations responsible for cancer development.
摘要:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for rendering cells hypermutable, and hypermutable cell lines altered genetically and phenotypically.SOLUTION: The invention relates to use of dominant negative alleles of human mismatch repair genes to generate hypermutable cells and organisms; the use of introducing genes into cells and transgenic animals by which new cell lines and animal varieties with new and useful properties can be prepared more efficiently than by relying on the natural rate of mutation; and use of mutagens for enhancing a rate of further augmented mutation.
摘要:
The prototypic oncogene c-MYC encodes a transcription factor, which can drive proliferation by promoting cell cycle re-entry. However, the mechanisms through which c-MYC achieves these effects have been unclear. Using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), we have identified the cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) gene as a transcriptional target of c-MYC. c-MYC induced a rapid increase in CDK4 mRNA levels through four highly conserved c-Myc binding sites (MBS) within the CDK4 promoter. Cell cycle progression is delayed in c-MYC-deficient RAT1 cells, and this delay was associated with a defect in CDK4 induction. Ectopic expression of CDK4 in these cells partially alleviated the growth defect. Thus CDK4 provides a direct link between the oncogenic effects of c-MYC and cell cycle regulation.
摘要:
A two-pronged method for diagnosis of genetic diseases can detect mutations in about 87 % of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients. One part of the diagnostic method employs in vitro protein synthesis from surrogate genes created by amplifying either cDNA or genomic DNA. The second part of the diagnostic method employs an allele-specific expression assay which distinguishes the amount of mRNA expressed in vivo from each of a patient's two alleles. These approaches are readily applicable to the diagnosis of other genetic diseases.
摘要:
Bacteria are manipulated to create desirable output traits using dominant negative alleles of mismatch repair proteins. Enhanced hypermutation is achieved by combination of mismatch repair deficinecy and exogenously applied mutagens. Stable bacteria containing desirable output traits are obtained by restoring mismatch reparir activity to the bacteria.