Abstract:
A reactor (12, 128, 198) and method for the conversion of hydrocarbon gases utilizes a reactor (12, 128, 198) having a unique feed assembly (58, 136, 200) with an original vortex disk-like inlet flow spaces (72, 74, 76, 80, 146, 148, 150, 152, 208, 216, 218), a converging-diverging vortex mixing chamber (116), and a cylindrical reactor chamber (40). This design creates a small combustion zone and an inwardly swirling fluid flow pattern of the feed gases that passes through a converging conduit (48) with a constricted neck portion (54). This provides conditions suitable for efficient cracking of hydrocarbons, such as ethane, to form olefins.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a reactor for chemical vapour deposition from first and second precursor gases, the reactor comprising: -a chamber including top and bottom walls and a side wall linking the top and bottom walls, -a support intended for receiving at least one substrate, mounted inside the chamber, and -at least one system for injecting precursor gases, the system comprising an injection head including at least one nozzle for supplying the first precursor gas (41) in a main direction of axis A-A', the at least one nozzle including: a precursor gas supply conduit (321), and an outlet member (322) generating a substantially annular vortex flow (44) around axis A-A'.
Abstract:
A gas distribution apparatus (80), comprising: a distribution manifold (82) in fluid communication with a gas source and a plurality of injection nozzles (60) such injection nozzles (60) comprising a tube (62) with a fluid inlet (64), a fluid outlet (66), an inner diameter and an axial length; wherein the fluid inlet (64) of at least one of the plurality of injection nozzles (60) is disposed within the distribution manifold (82) and a fluid outlet; wherein the inlet (64) of the at least one of the injection nozzles (60) comprises an annular orifice (68) surrounding a flow restriction device (70, 70C, 70F); and wherein the fluid outlet (66) is external to an outer circumference (89) of the distribution manifold (82).
Abstract:
The present invention provides a weir quench, an apparatus utilizing the weir quench and processes incorporating the same. The weir quench incorporates an inlet having an inner diameter (Di) and an upper chamber having an inner diameter (Duc), wherein the inlet inner diameter (Di) is at least 90% of the upper chamber inner diameter (Duc). The apparatus constitutes a reactor having an outlet with an inner diameter fluidly coupled with the weir quench inlet, wherein the ratio of the reactor oulet inner diameter (Dr) to the weir quench inlet diameter (Di) is greater than one. The weir quench, and apparatus are advantageously utilized in processes utilizing a limiting reagent.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a device for producing poly(meth)acrylate in powder form, comprising a reactor (1) for droplet polymerisation that has a device (5), with holes through which a monomer solution is introduced, for dropletising said monomer solution so as to produce the poly(meth)acrylate, a gas supply point (13) above said dropletisation device (5), at least one gas extraction point (19) on the periphery of the reactor (1), and a fluidised bed (11), said reactor (1) having, above the gas extraction point (19), a region that has a constant hydraulic inner diameter and, below said gas extraction point (19), a hydraulic inner diameter that continually reduces. In the region with the continually-reducing hydraulic inner diameter, knockers (35) are mounted on the outer side of the reactor (1), each of said knockers (35) generating an impact energy of between 25J and 165J, and the number of knockers (35) being selected such that a surface-specific impact energy of between 1 and 7J/m² is applied.
Abstract:
A liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of the CPOX reaction zone can include a hydrogen barrier. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel.