摘要:
A method of inhibiting or retarding formation of hydrates from water and a lower alkane, such as methane or ethane, involves adding additives which comprise (i) a corrosion inhibitor and (ii) a salt which is of formula [R?1(R2)XR3]+Y-¿, wherein each of R?1, R2 and R3¿ is bonded directly to X, each of R?1 and R2¿, which may be the same or different is an alkyl group of at least 4 carbons, X is S, NR?4 or PR4¿, wherein each of R?3 and R4¿ which may be the same or different represents hydrogen or an organic group, with the proviso that at least one of R?3 and R4¿ is an organic group of at least 4 carbons, and Y is an anion, the additives being added in an amount effective to inhibit or retard hydrate formation, to a medium susceptible to hydrate formation.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for generating steam and recovering salts during a lignocellulosic conversion process. The process comprises de-salting a still bottoms stream; incinerating a stream comprising lignin and the de-salted still bottoms stream in an incinerator; and utilizing the heat generated from said incinerating to produce steam. Further provided is a process that comprises feeding a concentrated still bottoms stream to a crystallizer and forming insoluble solids therein comprising salts. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for recovering salts from a lignocellulosic conversion process, which process comprises the addition of solvent to a still bottoms stream to precipitate salts therefrom. Also provided is a still bottoms composition, a fertilizer product and a composition for incineration.
摘要:
The disclosure provides conductivity improving concentrates and methods for improving conductivity and reducing risks associated with static discharge in middle distillate fuel compositions, particularly diesel fuels. The conductivity improvement is provided with the combination of cerium oxide nanoparticles and dispersant/detergent and shows aged conductivity comparable to or higher than that obtained with conventional antistatic agents.
摘要:
Additive composition for use in a fuel or lubricant formulation, comprising an active substance which is present as a guest molecule in an inclusion complex with a modified cyclodextrin of formula (I) : wherein n is an integer from 6 to 20, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl and carbonyl, provided that R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are not all hydrogen. Also provided is a fuel or lubricant formulation comprising the additive composition, a premix for use in preparing the additive composition, and the use of a modified cyclodextrin (I) as a vehicle for an active substance in an additive composition or in a fuel or lubricant formulation.
摘要翻译:用于燃料或润滑剂配方中的添加剂组合物,其包含活性物质,其作为客体分子存在于与式(I)的改性环糊精包合配合物中:其中n是6-20的整数,并且R 1, R 2和R 3各自独立地选自氢,任选取代的烷基,任选取代的芳基和羰基,条件是R 1,R 2和R 3不全为氢。 还提供了一种燃料或润滑剂制剂,其包含所述添加剂组合物,用于制备所述添加剂组合物的预混合物,以及改性的环糊精(I)作为添加剂组合物或燃料或润滑剂中的活性物质的载体的用途 公式。
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for generating steam and recovering salts during a lignocellulosic conversion process. The process comprises de-salting a still bottoms stream; incinerating a stream comprising lignin and the de-salted still bottoms stream in an incinerator; and utilizing the heat generated from said incinerating to produce steam. Further provided is a process that comprises feeding a concentrated still bottoms stream to a crystallizer and forming insoluble solids therein comprising salts. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for recovering salts from a lignocellulosic conversion process, which process comprises the addition of solvent to a still bottoms stream to precipitate salts therefrom. Also provided is a still bottoms composition, a fertilizer product and a composition for incineration.
摘要:
Additives which improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels are oligomeric/polymeric reaction products consisting of cross-linked anhydride and cross-linked epoxide (or their corresponding acid/diol equivalents), with optional termonomers.
摘要:
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Brennstofföle, enthaltend einen größeren Anteil einer Mischung aus
A) einem Mitteldestillat-Brennstofföl, und B) einem Biobrennstofföl, sowie einem kleineren Anteil C) eines öllöslichen Copolymers aus Ethylen und mindestens 0,2 bis 35 Mol-% einer weiteren olefinisch ungesättigten Verbindung, die mindestens eine freie Hydroxylgruppe enthält, und das eine OH-Zahl von 10 bis 300 mg KOH/g aufweist.
摘要:
Additives which improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels are the oligomeric and/or polymeric reaction products of aromatic anhydrides and epoxides (or their corresponding acid or diol equivalents) and the oligomeric and/or polymeric post-reaction products of amines and alcohols.
摘要:
Additives which improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels are oligomeric/polymeric reaction products of anhydrides and long-chain epoxides (or their corresponding acid/diol equivalents) consisting of hydroxyl promoted polyesters and ester promoted polyesters.