Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process of reducing the content of steryl glycoside in a bio-diesel composition which comprises a step of contacting the composition with an enzyme being capable of acylating the steryl glycoside.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative having formula (III): [Y-CO[O-A-CO] n -Z-R + ] m pX q- (III) wherein Y is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, A is a divalent optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, n is from 1 to 100, preferably from 1 to 10, m is from 1 to 4, q is from 1 to 4 and p is an integer such that pq = m, Z is an optionally substituted divalent bridging group which is attached to the carbonyl group through a nitrogen atom, R+ is an ammonium group and Xq- is a non-sulphur-containing anion. Furthermore, the present invention provides a lubricating composition and a fuel composition containing the poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative and the use of the poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative for decreasing the phosphorus volatility of a fluid.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a liquid fuel composition comprising: a liquid base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; and one or more poly (hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivatives having formula (III) : [Y-CO [O-A-CO] n -Z r -R + ] m pX q- (III) wherein Y is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, A is a divalent optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, n is from 1 to 100, m is from 1 to 4, q is from 1 to 4 and p is an integer such that pq = m, Z is an optionally substituted divalent bridging group which is attached to the carbonyl group through a nitrogen atom, r is 0 or 1, R + is an ammonium group and X q- is an anion.
Abstract:
Corrosive amine salts in hydrocarbon streams such as desalted crude oil streams can be prevented or avoided by adding certain amine scavenging chemicals to the streams. Suitable amine scavengers include, but are not necessarily limited to, carboxylic anhydrides and copolymers of carboxylic anhydrides, aromatic anhydrides, isocyanates, polyisocyanates, and epoxides. The non-corrosive reaction products of the amines and/or ammonia with these scavengers are preferably oil-soluble, non-basic and thermally stable. The amine scavengers bind up and react with the amines and/or ammonia to keep them from reacting with materials such as acids (e.g. HCI) to form corrosive amine salts.
Abstract:
Taught is a modified emulsified fuel oil and its preparation method, prepared by mixing the below materials in weight percentage: heavy oil 40-50 wt%; softened water 10-25 wt%; emulsifier 0.1-0.5 wt%; light oil 5-30 wt%; modifier 1-15 wt%; and auxiliary agent 7.5-15 wt%. The heating value of said modified emulsified fuel oil is 8000-13000 kJ/kg. The emulsified fuel oil can be used for high-speed diesel engine trucks and fuel boilers.
Abstract:
Corrosive amine salts in hydrocarbon streams such as desalted crude oil streams can be prevented or avoided by adding certain amine scavenging chemicals to the streams. Suitable amine scavengers include, but are not necessarily limited to, carboxylic anhydrides and copolymers of carboxylic anhydrides, aromatic anhydrides, isocyanates, polyisocyanates, and epoxides. The non-corrosive reaction products of the amines and/or ammonia with these scavengers are preferably oil-soluble, non-basic and thermally stable. The amine scavengers bind up and react with the amines and/or ammonia to keep them from reacting with materials such as acids (e.g. HCl) to form corrosive amine salts.
Abstract:
A fuel oil composition comprises a major proportion of a fuel oil and minor amounts of: (a) at least one polar nitrogen compound effective as a wax anti-settling additive; and (b) at least one reaction product between a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride and hydrazine. A method to improve the detergency properties of a fuel oil whilst avoiding an adverse effect on the cold-flow properties of the fuel oil is also described.
Abstract:
Taught is a modified emulsified fuel oil and its preparation method, prepared by mixing the below materials in weight percentage: heavy oil 40-50 wt%; softened water 10-25 wt%; emulsifier 0.1-0.5 wt%; light oil 5-30 wt%; modifier 1-15 wt%; and auxiliary agent 7.5-15 wt%. The heating value of said modified emulsified fuel oil is 8000-13000 kJ/kg. The emulsified fuel oil can be used for high-speed diesel engine trucks and fuel boilers.