摘要:
This invention relates to a method for non-destructive inspection of a log (1) to identify inner zones of sapwood (14) of the log (1) that have not been attacked by fungi that cause bluestain in the wood. The method comprises a first step of carrying out a tomographic scan of the log (1) to be inspected using X-ray beams that pass through the log (1) and a second step of obtaining a three-dimensional representation of the log (1) that is representative of the local moisture content of the log, the local moisture content being correlated with attenuation of the X-ray beams through the log. The method comprises the step of processing the three-dimensional representation of the log (1) to identify inner regions (145) of the log (1), in which the local moisture content is greater than or equal to a moisture threshold value for a spatial extent greater than an extent threshold. The moisture threshold value corresponds, for trees of the same species as the log (1), to a sapwood (14) with local moisture content such that it excludes the growth of fungi that cause bluestain in the wood. Each inner region (145) identified in this way is classed as a sapwood (14) zone free of bluestain. This invention also relates to a procedure for obtaining one or more wooden products from a log (1), as well as an apparatus for carrying out a non-destructive inspection of a log (1).
摘要:
A method and apparatus for determining the concentration of a specific analyte in a sample of biological material are disclosed. The sample is placed in a sample container (10) which provides at least two irradiation paths (14) with different lengths through the sample container, and is sequentially irradiated with electromagnetic radiation, e.g. X-ray. The amount of radiation penetrating the sample is detected, and absorbance is determined based on the detected radiation. During irradiation, the sample container (10) is moved in relation to the irradiation source (1) and detector (5) so that absorbance measurements at different path-lengths are aquired. A regression line from the absorbance values and path lengths is determined, such that a slope of the regression line is obtained, and based on this slope, the concentration of the specific analyte is determined.
摘要:
A method for estimating a heating value of a biological material is disclosed. The method comprises: correlating amounts of radiation transmitted through a number of different reference materials, said radiation being electromagnetic radiation of at least two energy levels, with heating values for said reference materials obtained by calorimeter measurements; irradiating the biological material (102) with electromagnetic radiation of said at least two different energy levels; and measuring the amount of radiation (109a-c) transmitted through said biological material at said energy levels. The method further comprises determining, for each energy level, a transmission value through the biological material based on the radiation through said biological material; and determining, based on said determined transmission values and said correlation, an estimate of the heating value of said biological material. A corresponding apparatus (100) is also disclosed.
摘要:
Foreign matter present inside an object and the like are detected with higher resolution and higher reliability. Frame data of a plurality of tomographic planes that are parallel in the scan direction and set in a space between an X-ray tube (31 and an X-ray detecting unit (22) is generated based on detected frame data. The generation of frame data is performed based on the fan-shaped spreading of an X-ray beam and the differences in position in a height direction between the plurality of tomographic planes from a detection surface. Tomographic images are respectively generated from the frame data of the plurality of tomographic planes based on a laminography technique. Edge information based on the changes in pixel values in each tomographic image is calculated for each pixel. A three-dimensional distribution of the edge information is generated. A search is performed on the edge information in a direction passing through the plurality of tomographic planes. As a result of the search, pixels indicating a maximum value in the edge information are detected. Only pixels in the plurality of tomographic images that positionally correspond to the detected pixels are combined into a single composite image.
摘要:
Foreign matter present inside an object and the like are detected with higher resolution and higher reliability. Frame data of a plurality of tomographic planes that are parallel in the scan direction and set in a space between an X-ray tube (31 and an X-ray detecting unit (22) is generated based on detected frame data. The generation of frame data is performed based on the fan-shaped spreading of an X-ray beam and the differences in position in a height direction between the plurality of tomographic planes from a detection surface. Tomographic images are respectively generated from the frame data of the plurality of tomographic planes based on a laminography technique. Edge information based on the changes in pixel values in each tomographic image is calculated for each pixel. A three-dimensional distribution of the edge information is generated. A search is performed on the edge information in a direction passing through the plurality of tomographic planes. As a result of the search, pixels indicating a maximum value in the edge information are detected. Only pixels in the plurality of tomographic images that positionally correspond to the detected pixels are combined into a single composite image.
摘要:
Bei einem Verfahren zum Kalibrieren zumindest einer aus mehreren Detektoren ausgebildeten Detektorzeile, die einer von einer hochenergetischen, etwa punktförmigen Energiequelle ausgehenden, sich fächerförmig ausweitenden Strahlung ausgesetzt ist, welche einem Durchstrahlen eines Werkstoffes zum Messen physikalischer Eigenschaften aufgrund des Absorptionsvermögens des Werkstoffes dient, ist vorgesehen, dass wenigstens zwei jeweils homogen ausgebildete Kalibrierkörper nacheinander in den Strahlengang gegeben werden, deren voneinander graduell abweichende Absorption so ausgeprägt ist, dass das Absorptionsvermögen des einen Kalibrierkörpers geringer ist und des anderen Kalibrierkörpers höher ist, als das Absorptionsvermögen des zu messenden Werkstoffes, und dass für jedes Detektorelement in der Detektorzeile und für jeden Kalibrierkörper das Absorptionsvermögen, also die Intensität der Strahlung, gemessen wird und das Absorptionsvermögen der einzelnen Kalibrierkörper einer bekannten Eigenschaft dieser Kalibrierkörper zugeordnet wird und dass das Absorptionsvermögen in Abschnitten zwischen diesen bekannten Eigenschaften interpoliert wird.
摘要:
A method of estimating the strength of a wooden support wherein gamma rays (4) are transmitted and detected parallel to a neutral axis (5) through a cross section of the support. It also includes a method of locating regions of unsound wood in a wooden support using detection of transmitted gamma rays (4), as well as apparatus suitable for conducting both methods.
摘要:
This invention relates to an apparatus (1) for carrying out a non-destructive inspection on a wooden board (9) or a similar object. The apparatus (1) comprises a movement system (3) comprising at least two chains or belts (32) that are at a distance from one another and substantially parallel to each other. The chains or belts (32) are slidable parallel to a movement path (30) and are and intended to support the wooden board (9). The apparatus (1) also comprises a non-destructive inspection station (2) that is positioned on the movement path (30), for carrying out a non-destructive inspection on the wooden board (9) that is supported by the chains or belts (32). The non-destructive inspection station (2) comprises at least one operating component (22) that is positioned on the same side as the chains or belts (32) and emits or receives a signal or an image, with an emission or reception field (220) that faces towards a region between two chains or belts (32). Each chain or belt (32) comprises an elongate flexible body (320) and at least one rest element (36) that is positioned on the elongate flexible body (320). The at least one rest element (36) projects upwards from the elongate flexible body (320) and has a top face (361) with a width (L36) that is less than the width (L32) of the elongate flexible body (320). The top faces (361) are intended to provide a surface on which the wooden board (9) can rest, so that the wooden board is kept at a distance from the elongate flexible body (320) of each chain or belt (32).