Abstract:
A method and system for controlled rate freezing and nucleation of materials is provided. The presently disclosed system and method provides the ability to rapidly cool the materials contained in vials or other containers within a cooling unit via forced convective cooling using a laminar and uniform flow of cryogen in proximity to the plurality of vials disposed within the cooling unit. The rapid cooling of the biological materials is achieved by precisely controlling and adjusting the temperature of the cryogen being introduced to the system as a function of time. The presently disclosed methods to systems also provide nucleation control via temperature quench and depressurized nucleation control.
Abstract:
A system and method for improved cryogenic cooling of process streams in polysilicon manufacturing is provided. The disclosed system and method provides for the cryogenic cooling of a silane and hydrogen process stream during the manufacture of polysilicon with concurrent recovery of refrigeration capacity from the vaporized nitrogen as well as the recovery of refrigeration capacity from the cold hydrogen stream. The improved cryogenic cooling system and method reduces the overall consumption of liquid nitrogen without sacrificing cooling performance of the cryogenic cooling of the silane and hydrogen process stream.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for micro-aeration of large scale fermentation systems is provided. The micro-aeration system includes a fermentation reactor, a sparging apparatus, and a micro-aeration gas mixture delivered to the fermentation reactor via the sparging apparatus. The micro-aeration gas mixture is a very low oxygen concentration mixture comprising an oxygen containing gas and an inert carrier gas that is preferably recycled through the fermentation reactor. The inert carrier gas is preferably nitrogen whereas the oxygen containing gas is oxygen or and is introduced to the fermentation reactor at a minimum superficial velocity of about 0.02 m/sec to produce a uniform dispersion of the oxygen/air throughout the fermentation broth while concurrently mixing the entire fermentation broth. The micro-aeration method and apparatus further comprises a controller operatively coupled to one or more control valves for regulating the micro-aeration conditions in the fermentation reactor.
Abstract:
The tendency of carbonated beverage to generate excessive foam when it is produced and bottled is reduced in a process including: (a) providing water or a mixture of water and syrup, which contains oxygen or air dissolved therein, and maintaining a pressure greater than atmospheric thereon; (b) saturating said mixture with carbon dioxide, and feeding the resultant mixture to step (c), while maintaining sufficient pressure thereon that no dissolved gas evolves therefrom; and (c) removing dissolved oxygen or air from the mixture formed in step (b) while dissolving additional carbon dioxide into said mixture and maintaining over said mixture a pressure greater than atmospheric.
Abstract:
The dispersion of a gas in a liquid is enhanced by accelerating a gas/liquid mixture to supersonic velocity, with subsequent deacceleration, in a conical in-line mixer.
Abstract:
The dispersion of a gas in a liquid is enhanced by the use of an adjustable conical mixer to control the flow of a gas/liquid mixture to a venturi device used to accelerate the mixture to a supersonic vclocity with subsequent deacceleration to subsonic velocity to produce sonic shock waves in the mixture.
Abstract:
A method and system for controlled rate freezing and nucleation of materials is provided. The presently disclosed system and method provides the ability to rapidly cool the materials contained in vials or other containers within a cooling unit via forced convective cooling using a laminar and uniform flow of cryogen in proximity to the plurality of vials disposed within the cooling unit. The rapid cooling of the biological materials is achieved by precisely controlling and adjusting the temperature of the cryogen being introduced to the system as a function of time. The presently disclosed methods to systems also provide nucleation control via temperature quench and depressurized nucleation control.
Abstract:
A system and method for improved cryogenic cooling of process gases is provided. The disclosed system and method provides for the cryogenic cooling of a silane and hydrogen gas process stream during the manufacture of polysilicon with concurrent recovery of refrigeration capacity from the vaporized nitrogen as well as the recovery of refrigeration capacity from the cold hydrogen gas stream. The improved cryogenic cooling system and method reduces the overall consumption of liquid nitrogen without sacrificing cooling performance of the cryogenic cooling of the silane and hydrogen gas process stream.
Abstract:
A direct contact cryogenic crystallizer having a vertically oriented draft tube into which cryogenic fluid is injected at a high velocity along with warm gas and through which a crystal slurry is drawn for subsequent cooling and agitation for the production of crystals.