摘要:
An oral function and dysfunction quantification method that automatically records the amount of time required for a laboratory animal to gnaw through multiple obstructions in a tube includes a confinement tube and spring-loaded polymer dowels that actuate timers to precisely record the time required for a rodent to complete a discrete gnawing task. The investigation of human orofacial pain requires an animal test that objectively measures impairment secondary to pain during an oral function (gnawing) that is analogous to behavior that elicits pain in human patients (chewing). The method can also evaluate behavioral change secondary to complex disorders such as anxiety and depression and facilitate evaluation of molecular mechanisms and pharmacologic therapies relevant to chronic orofacial pain and behavioral disorders.
摘要:
To achieve peak acoustic and power performance, the coil or applied current should be in phase or substantially aligned with the back electromotive force (back-EMF) voltage. However, there are generally phase differences between the applied current and back-EMF voltage that are induced by the impedance of the brushless DC motor (which can vary based on conditions, such as temperature and motor speed). Traditionally, compensation for these phase differences was provided manually and on an as-needed basis. Here, however, a system and method are provided that automatically perform a commutation advance by incrementally adjusting a drive signal over successive commutation cycles when the applied current and back-EMF voltage are misaligned.
摘要:
Implantable medical leads and methods of forming such leads are disclosed. An implantable medical lead includes a lead body, a swage base coupled to the lead body, and a polymeric member interposed at least in part between the swage base and at least one rigid component of the lead such as an electrode or annular ring. The swage base includes an annular-shaped body including a flange having a number of protrusions that extend radially outward from the flange. During a swaging process, the protrusions on the flange are compressed against the polymeric member, forming a number of channels in the member that mechanically bond the member to the swage base.
摘要:
An apparatus comprising a capacitor stack, including one or more substantially planar anode layers, and one or more substantially planar cathode layers. Additionally, the capacitor has a case having a first opening and a second opening, the first opening sized for passage of the capacitor stack, and a cover substantially conforming to the first opening and sealingly connected to the first opening. Also, the capacitor includes a plate substantially conforming to the second opening and sealingly connected to the second opening, the plate defining an aperture. Additionally, the capacitor includes a plug substantially conforming to the aperture in the plate, the plug sealingly connected to the plate. The capacitor stack is disposed in the case, and the terminal is in electrical connection with the case and at least one capacitor electrode.
摘要:
An audio generation system includes a buffer manager that creates audio buffers to receive streams of audio data from an audio data source, such as from a synthesizer component for example. The audio buffers include sink-in audio buffers that receive one or more streams of audio data when the streams of audio data are requested by the buffer manager for input to the sink-in audio buffers. The audio buffers also include mix-in audio buffers that receive streams of audio data from one or more of the sink-in audio buffers, and from any number of other mix-in audio buffers. The audio generation system includes an audio component, such as a speaker for example, that receives audio data from the sink-in audio buffers and produces an audio rendition corresponding to the audio data.
摘要:
An exemplary capacitor has a capacitor stack positioned in a case with a conductor positioned between the case and a lid. In one embodiment the conductor is positioned between the lid and an upper rim of the case and is welded to the lid and case. In one aspect, a capacitor constructed with round wire connectors for interconnecting anode and cathode layers. In one aspect, a configuration for electrically connecting a terminal wire to a capacitor case in which an end of the wire is attached to the case in end-on fashion. The terminal wire may have an expanded end for attaching to the capacitor case in a manner that minimizes the effect on the height profile of the case.
摘要:
A flat capacitor includes a case having a feedthrough hole, a capacitor stack located within the case, a coupling member having a base surface directly attached to the capacitor stack and having a portion extending through the feedthrough hole, the coupling member having a mounting hole, a feedthrough conductor having a portion mounted within the mounting hole, and a sealing member adjacent the feedthrough hole and the feedthrough conductor for sealing the feedthrough hole. Other aspects of the invention include various implantable medical devices, such as pacemakers, defibrillators, and cardioverters, incorporating one or more features of the exemplary feedthrough assembly.
摘要:
An audio buffer includes one or more audio effects that modify audio data received from an audio data source. A first audio effect in the audio buffer receives audio data from the audio data source and modifies the audio data to generate a stream of audio data. Subsequent audio effects in the audio buffer receives the stream of audio data from the first audio effect and further modifies the audio data to generate a stream of modified audio data. The stream of modified audio data is then routed from the audio buffer to a second audio buffer, or communicated to an audio rendering component that produces an audio rendition corresponding to the modified audio data.
摘要:
An audio generation system produces streams of audio wave data and routes the audio wave data to audio buffers via logic buses that correspond respectively to the audio buffers. A logic bus, or buses, are assigned to an audio wave data source. Additionally, a logic bus corresponds to an audio buffer. Thus, any streams of audio wave data generated by the audio wave data source are routed to the audio buffer corresponding to the logic bus. A logic bus can receive streams of audio wave data from multiple sources, and route the multiple audio wave data streams to an audio buffer. Additionally, an audio buffer can receive streams of audio wave data from multiple logic buses.
摘要:
An application program provides a performance manager and an audio rendition manager to produce a rendition corresponding to an audio source. The performance manager receives audio data from the audio source and instantiates audio data processing components to process the audio data. The audio rendition manager receives the audio data from the performance manager and instantiates audio data processing components to further process the audio data, including a synthesizer component that generates audio sound wave data, and audio buffers that process the audio sound wave data. The audio data processing components are instantiated as objects having an interface that can be called by the application program. The application program requests a programming reference to an interface of an audio data processing component in the performance manager, or in the audio rendition manager, by calling an interface method of the performance manager or the audio rendition manager, respectively.