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    LARGE DIAMETER OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE, GRATING AND LASER
    2.
    发明申请
    LARGE DIAMETER OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE, GRATING AND LASER 有权
    大直径光波导，光栅和激光

    公开(公告)号：US20120082175A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-04-05

    申请号：US13316069

    申请日：2011-12-09

    申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

    发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

    IPC分类号： H01S3/30 ,  G02B6/036 ,  H01S3/08 ,  G02B6/02

    CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/06754

    摘要： A large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser includes a waveguide having at least one core surrounded by a cladding, the core propagating light in substantially a few transverse spatial modes; and having an outer waveguide dimension of said waveguide being greater than about 0.3 mm. At least one Bragg grating may be impressed in the waveguide. The waveguide may be axially compressed which causes the length of the waveguide to decrease without buckling. The waveguide may be used for any application where a waveguide needs to be compression tuned. Also, the waveguide exhibits lower mode coupling from the core to the cladding and allows for higher optical power to be used when writing gratings without damaging the waveguide. The waveguide may resemble a short “block” or a longer “cane” type, depending on the application and dimensions used.

    摘要翻译： 大直径光波导，光栅和激光器包括具有由包层围绕的至少一个核的波导，所述核以基本上几个横向空间模式传播光; 并且具有所述波导的外波导尺寸大于约0.3mm。 至少一个布拉格光栅可以印在波导中。 波导可以被轴向压缩，这导致波导的长度减小而没有弯曲。 波导可以用于波导需要被压缩调谐的任何应用。 此外，波导表现出从芯到包层的较低模式耦合，并且允许在写入光栅时使用更高的光功率而不损坏波导。 根据使用的应用和尺寸，波导可能类似于短的“块”或更长的“手杖”类型。

    FLOW AND PIPE MANAGEMENT USING VELOCITY PROFILE MEASUREMENT AND/OR PIPE WALL THICKNESS AND WEAR MONITORING
    3.
    发明申请
    FLOW AND PIPE MANAGEMENT USING VELOCITY PROFILE MEASUREMENT AND/OR PIPE WALL THICKNESS AND WEAR MONITORING 有权
    流量和管道管理使用速度曲线测量和/或管壁厚度和磨损监测

    公开(公告)号：US20110056298A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-03-10

    申请号：US12922261

    申请日：2009-03-16

    申请人： Christian Victor O'keefe ,  Robert J. Maron ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Alex M. Van der Spek ,  Michael A. Davis ,  John V. Viega

    发明人： Christian Victor O'keefe ,  Robert J. Maron ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Alex M. Van der Spek ,  Michael A. Davis ,  John V. Viega

    IPC分类号： G01N29/04

    CPC分类号： G01N29/04 ,  G01B17/02 ,  G01N29/2437

    摘要： The present invention provides new techniques for non-invasive and real-time measurement of the velocity profile of slurry flow in horizontal pipes, as well as the measurement and trending of pipe wear on slurry lines. In the first case, this information can be used to determine the approach and onset of solid deposition on the bottom of the pipe. Having this information in real time can enable operation at lower velocities or higher solids concentration or both while avoiding solids deposition or plugging and their associated operational costs. In the second case, the present invention uses a permanently or semi-permanently installed ring of conformable ultrasonic transducers clamped onto the outside of the pipe. These transducers are used to measure the thickness of the pipe under their respective locations.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于非侵入式和实时测量水平管道中浆料流速度分布的新技术，以及浆料管线上管道磨损的测量和趋势。 在第一种情况下，该信息可用于确定管道底部固体沉积的方法和开始。 实时获得这些信息可以使运行速度更低，固体浓度更高，同时避免固体沉积或堵塞及其相关的运营成本。 在第二种情况下，本发明使用永久地或半永久地安装的适配超声波换能器的环夹在管的外部。 这些传感器用于测量管道在各自位置下的厚度。

    Apparatus and method for attenuating acoustic waves in propagating within a pipe wall
    4.
    发明申请
    Apparatus and method for attenuating acoustic waves in propagating within a pipe wall 有权
    用于衰减在管壁内传播的声波的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20090025487A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-01-29

    申请号：US11881477

    申请日：2007-07-27

    申请人： Daniel L. Gysling ,  Mark Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Changjiu Dang

    发明人： Daniel L. Gysling ,  Mark Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Changjiu Dang

    IPC分类号： G01F1/66 ,  A47B81/06

    CPC分类号： G01F1/7082 ,  G01F1/662 ,  G01F1/666 ,  G01F1/74

    摘要： A method and apparatus for damping an ultrasonic signal propagating in the wall of a pipe, the apparatus including at least one damping structure for securing at least one sensor to the wall of the pipe, wherein the at least one sensor includes a transmitter component and a receiver component for transmitting and receiving an ultrasonic signal, wherein the at least one damping structure is associated with the outer wall of the pipe for damping the ultrasonic signal propagating within the wall of the pipe and a processor that defines a convective ridge in the k-ω plane in response to the ultrasonic signals, and determines the slope of at least a portion of the convective ridge to determine the flow velocity of the fluid.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于阻尼在管壁传播的超声信号的方法和装置，所述装置包括用于将至少一个传感器固定在管壁上的至少一个阻尼结构，其中所述至少一个传感器包括发射器部件和 用于发送和接收超声波信号的接收器部件，其中所述至少一个阻尼结构与所述管的外壁相关联，用于阻尼在所述管道的壁内传播的超声波信号，以及处理器，其限定所述k- ω-plane，并且确定对流脊的至少一部分的斜率以确定流体的流速。

    Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser
    5.
    发明授权
    Large diameter optical waveguide, grating and laser 有权
    大直径光波导，光栅和激光

    公开(公告)号：US07437043B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-10-14

    申请号：US11324759

    申请日：2006-01-03

    申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

    发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

    IPC分类号： G02B6/02

    CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/06754

    摘要： A large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser includes a waveguide 10 having at least one core 12 surrounded by a cladding 14, the core propagating light in substantially a few transverse spatial modes; and having an outer waveguide dimension d2 of said waveguide being greater than about 0.3 mm. At least one Bragg grating 16 may be impressed in the waveguide 10. The waveguide 10 may be axially compressed which causes the length L of the waveguide 10 to decrease without buckling. The waveguide 10 may be used for any application where a waveguide needs to be compression tuned, e.g., compression-tuned fiber gratings and lasers or other applications. Also, the waveguide 10 exhibits lower mode coupling from the core 12 to the cladding 14 and allows for higher optical power to be used when writing gratings 16 without damaging the waveguide 10. The shape of the waveguide 10 may have other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one core may be used. The core and/or cladding 12,14 may be doped with a rare-earth dopant and/or may be photosensitive. At least a portion of the core 12 may be doped between a pair of gratings 50,52 to form a fiber laser or the grating 16 or may be constructed as a tunable DFB fiber laser or an interactive fiber laser within the waveguide 10. The waveguide may resemble a short “block” or a longer “cane” type, depending on the application and dimensions used.

    摘要翻译： 大直径光波导，光栅和激光器包括具有由包层14围绕的至少一个芯12的波导10，芯以基本上几个横向空间模式传播光; 并且所述波导的外波导尺寸d 2大于约0.3mm。 可以在波导10中施加至少一个布拉格光栅16.波导10可以被轴向压缩，这导致波导10的长度L在没有弯曲的情况下减小。 波导管10可用于波导需要被压缩调谐的任何应用，例如压缩调谐的光纤光栅和激光器或其它应用。 此外，波导10表现出从芯12到包层14的较低模式耦合，并且允许在写入光栅16时使用更高的光功率，而不损坏波导10.波导10的形状可具有其他几何形状（例如， “狗骨”形状）和/或可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的核心。 芯和/或包层12,14可掺杂稀土掺杂剂和/或可以是光敏的。 芯12的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅50,52之间以形成光纤激光器或光栅16，或者可以被构造为波导10内的可调DFB光纤激光器或交互光纤激光器。波导 可能类似于短的“块”或更长的“手杖”类型，具体取决于所使用的应用和尺寸。

    Apparatus and Method for Attenuating Acoustic Waves In Pipe Walls for Clamp-On Ultrasonic Flow Meter
    6.
    发明申请
    Apparatus and Method for Attenuating Acoustic Waves In Pipe Walls for Clamp-On Ultrasonic Flow Meter 有权
    用于钳位超声波流量计管道壁中衰减声波的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20080098818A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-05-01

    申请号：US11926757

    申请日：2007-10-29

    申请人： Mark Fernald ,  Daniel L. Gysling ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Changjiu Dang

    发明人： Mark Fernald ,  Daniel L. Gysling ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Changjiu Dang

    IPC分类号： G01N29/032

    CPC分类号： G01N29/222 ,  G01F1/7082 ,  G01F1/712 ,  G01N2291/02836 ,  G01N2291/0421 ,  G01N2291/0422 ,  G01N2291/048

    摘要： An apparatus is presented for damping an undesired component of an ultrasonic signal. The apparatus includes a sensor affixed to a pipe. The sensor includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitted ultrasonic signal includes a structural component propagating through the pipe and a fluid component propagating through a flow in the pipe. The receiver receives one of the transmitted components. The apparatus includes a damping structure. The damping structure dampens the structural component of the ultrasonic signal to impede propagation of the structural component to the receiver. The damping structure includes one of a housing secured to the pipe to modify ultrasonic vibrational characteristics thereof, a plurality of film assemblies including a tunable circuit to attenuate structural vibration of the pipe, and a plurality of blocks affixed to the pipe to either reflect or propagates through the blocks, the undesired structural component of the ultrasonic signal.

    摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于阻尼超声信号的不期望分量的装置。 该装置包括固定在管道上的传感器。 传感器包括发射器和接收器。 传输的超声信号包括通过管传播的结构部件和通过管中的流传播的流体部件。 接收器接收发送的组件之一。 该装置包括阻尼结构。 阻尼结构抑制超声波信号的结构部件，以阻止结构部件传播到接收器。 所述阻尼结构包括固定到所述管道以改变其超声波振动特性的壳体中的一个，包括用于衰减所述管道的结构振动的可调谐电路的多个膜组件以及固定到所述管道上以反射或传播的多个块 通过块，超声信号的不期望的结构分量。

    Temperature compensated optical device
    8.
    发明授权
    Temperature compensated optical device 有权
    温度补偿光学器件

    公开(公告)号：US06621957B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-09-16

    申请号：US09699940

    申请日：2000-10-30

    申请人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

    发明人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

    IPC分类号： G02B634

    CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/1028

    摘要： A temperature compensated optical device includes a compression-tuned glass element 10 having a Bragg grating 12 therein, a compensating material spacer 26 and an end cap 28 all held within an outer shell 30. The element 10, end cap 28 and shell 30 are made of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), e.g., silica, quartz, etc. and the spacer 26 is made of a material having a higher CTE, e.g., metal, Pyrex®, ceramic, etc. The material and length L5 of the spacer 26 is selected to offset the upward grating wavelength shift due to temperature. As temperature rises, the spacer 26 expands faster than the silica structure causing a compressive strain to be exerted on the element 10, which shifts the wavelength of the grating 12 down to balance the intrinsic temperature induces wavelength shift up. As a result, the grating 12 wavelength is substantially unchanged over a wide temperature range. The element 10 includes either an optical fiber having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube or a large diameter waveguide (or cane) with a grating 12 having a core 11 and a wide cladding, which does not buckle over a large range of compressive axial strains. The element may have a “dogbone” shape to amplify compressive strain on the grating 12. The device 8 may also be placed in an axially tunable system that allows the wavelength to be dynamically tuned while remaining athermal. In addition to a grating, the device may be an athermal laser, DFB laser, etc. Also, the entire device 8 may be all made of monolithic glass materials.

    摘要翻译： 温度补偿光学器件包括其中具有布拉格光栅12的压缩调谐玻璃元件10，补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28，所述补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28都保持在外壳30内。元件10，端帽28和壳体30被制成 具有低热膨胀系数（CTE）的材料，例如二氧化硅，石英等，并且间隔物26由具有较高CTE（例如金属，Pyrex，陶瓷等）的材料制成。 选择间隔件26的材料和长度L5以抵消由于温度引起的向上光栅波长偏移。 随着温度升高，间隔件26比二氧化硅结构膨胀得更快，导致施加在元件10上的压缩应变，其将光栅12的波长向下移动以平衡本征温度，从而引起波长向上移动。 结果，光栅12的波长在宽温度范围内基本上不变。 元件10包括具有至少一个布拉格光栅12的光纤，该光纤封装在玻璃毛细管或大直径波导（或甘蔗）的至少一部分内并与其融合，其中光栅12具有芯11和 宽的包层，其在大范围的压缩轴向应变下不扣合。 元件可以具有“狗骨”形状以放大光栅12上的压缩应变。器件8也可以放置在轴向可调谐系统中，其允许波长被动态调谐而保持不耐热。 除了光栅之外，该器件可以是无热激光器，DFB激光器等。此外，整个器件8可以全部由单片玻璃材料制成。

    Tube-encased fiber grating
    10.
    发明授权
    Tube-encased fiber grating 有权
    管状光纤光栅

    公开(公告)号：US06519388B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-02-11

    申请号：US09455865

    申请日：1999-12-06

    申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Peter Ogle ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

    发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Peter Ogle ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

    IPC分类号： G02B634

    CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/0218

    摘要： A tube-encased fiber grating includes an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is embedded within a glass capillary tube 20. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The shape of the tube 20 may be other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one concentric tube may be used or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used. The fiber 10 may be doped at least between a pair of gratings 150,152, encased in the tube 20 to form a tube-encased compression-tuned fiber laser or the grating 12 or gratings 150,152 may be constructed as a tunable DFB fiber laser encased in the tube 20. Also, the tube 20 may have an inner region 22 which is tapered away from the fiber 10 to provide strain relief for the fiber 10, or the tube 20 may have tapered (or fluted) sections 27 which have an outer geometry that decreases down to the fiber 10 and provides added fiber pull strength. Also, the tube-encased grating 12 exhibits lower mode coupling from the fiber core to the cladding modes due to the increased diameter of the cladding where the tube 20 is fused to the fiber 10 where the grating is located 12.

    摘要翻译： 管状光纤光栅包括光纤10，其具有嵌入其中的至少一个布拉格光栅12，该布拉格光栅12嵌入玻璃毛细管20内。光14入射到光栅12上，光16以反射波长lambd1反射。 管20的形状可以是其他几何形状（例如，“狗骨”形状）和/或可以使用多于一个的同心管，或者可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅。 纤维10可以至少掺杂在一对光栅150,152之间，封装在管20中以形成管封装的压缩调谐光纤激光器，或者光栅12或光栅150,152可被构造为包含在该光纤12中的可调DFB光纤激光器。 管20也可以具有内部区域22，该内部区域22远离纤维10逐渐变细，以为纤维10提供应变消除，或者管20可以具有锥形（或凹槽）部分27，其具有外部几何形状 降低到纤维10并提供增加的纤维拉伸强度。 此外，由于包层的直径增加，管20被熔合到光栅位于12处的光纤10，管状光栅12表现出从纤维芯到包层模式的较低模式耦合。