Abstract:
FILM-WISE MANNER. VAPOR IS FORMED IN THE SPACES BETWEENTHE VERTICAL SURFACES AND IS REMOVED IN A DIRECTION SUBSTANTIALLY TRANSVERSE TO THE DOWNWARD FALLING FILM FLOW. THE VAPOR SO PRODUCED EXHIBITS A VERY LOW ENTRAINMENT LEVEL.
A LIQUID SUCH AS WATER ENTERS A CHAMBER MAINTAINED AT A PRESSURE BELOW ITS SATURATION PRESSURE SO THAT A PORTION OF THE FEED LIQUID IS FLASH EVAPORATED AND A PORTION DISCHARGED AT A REDUCED TEMPERATURE. THE EVAPORTION IS EFFECTED BY DISTRIBUTING THE FEED LIQUID OVER A PLURALITY OF PARALLEL, CLOSELY SPACED AND SUBSTANTIALLY VERTICAL SURFACES UPON WHICH THE LIQUID FLOWS DOWNWARDLY IN FALLING
Abstract:
A PORTION OF AN IMPURE LIQUID IS EVAPORATED AND THE VAPOR CONDENSED TO PROVIDE A PURIFIED LIQUID PRODUCT SUCH AS PURIFIED WATER. EVAPORATION IS EFFECTED BY A PROCESS EMPLOYING A PLURALITY OF EVAPORATE ZONES. ACCORDING TO THE NEW ARRANGEMENTS, EVAPORATION IS EFFECTED IN A PLURALITY OF ZONES AND THE VAPOR REMOVED DOWNWARDLY THROUGH ELONGATE CHAMBERS. A DOWNWARDLY DECREASING THERMAL GRADIENT IS ESTABLISHED IN THE UNEVAPORATED LIQUID BY PROPERLY CONTROLLING THE PRESSURES IN THE EVAPORATIVE ZONES. HEAT IS REMOVED FROM THE VAPOR AS IT IS MOVED DOWNWARDLY THROUGH THIS TEMPERATURE GRADIENT.
Abstract:
A process for coating a ferrous metal article with aluminum including cleaning the ferrous article, applying to the surface of the ferrous article a flux of about 0.125 to 4% aqueous solution of an organic aromatic carboxylic acid having one carboxyl group and a phenolic hydroxyl group, drying the ferrous article and subsequently applying molten aluminum to the ferrous article. The coating process wherein the acid is salicylic acid or 5-chlorosalicylic acid employed in concentrations of about 1 to 4%. Applying the flux to the ferrous metal article surface by immersion of the article in a flux bath having a temperature of about 100 to 212* F. for a period of about 1 to 2 minutes.