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公开(公告)号：US06478948B2
公开(公告)日：2002-11-12
申请号：US09793792
申请日：2001-02-26
IPC分类号： C23F1300
CPC分类号： G01N17/02 , F23G5/48 , F23M5/08 , F23M2900/05001
摘要： A method for monitoring and reducing corrosion in furnace boiler tubes measures electrochemical noise associated with corrosion mechanisms while corrosion is occurring at the surface of the tubes as they are exposed to combustion products. This noise is detected using a probe at the boiler waterwall surface that is connected to a corrosion monitor. The monitor contains a computer and software which determines a corrosion rate from the measured electrochemical noise. That rate is compared to a standard to determine if the rate is within acceptable limits. If not, the operator of the furnace or an Adaptive Process Controller (APC) is notified and adjusts one or more burners to change the combustion products that are responsible for the corrosion. Such an adjustment could be made by changing the amount of air or fuel being provided to the burner or other air slots or air ports. After that adjustment is made the furnace emissions could be checked for NOx, SOx and particulate emissions and further adjustments could be made to the burners to reduce those emissions.
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06360680B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09793664
申请日：2001-02-26
IPC分类号： F23J1502
CPC分类号： F23C5/12 , B03C3/017 , B03C3/08 , B03C3/41 , B03C3/47 , B03C3/76 , B03C2201/04 , F23J15/025 , F23J2215/10 , F23J2217/102 , F23N2037/02 , F23N2039/02
摘要： A method is provided for controlling the operation of a furnace. A furnace generally includes a boiler having a combustion zone, a plurality of burners burning a mixture of fuel and air in the combustion zone producing a gaseous by-product, and an electrostatic precipitator in fluid communication with the boiler removing particulates from the gaseous by-products. The method includes the steps of monitoring operating conditions of the electrostatic precipitator on a section-by-section basis, and controlling a select one or more of the burners based upon the section-by-section monitored operating conditions.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于控制炉的操作的方法。 炉子通常包括具有燃烧区域的锅炉，燃烧燃烧区域中的燃料和空气的混合物的多个燃烧器产生气态副产物，以及与该锅炉流体连通的静电除尘器， 产品。 该方法包括以逐个方式监视静电除尘器的运行状况的步骤，以及基于逐节监视的运行条件来控制选择的一个或多个燃烧器。
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公开(公告)号：US5809913A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-22
申请号：US730581
申请日：1996-10-15
IPC分类号： F23C10/18 , F23C6/04 , F23C7/02 , F23C10/00 , F23L1/00 , F23L9/02 , F23M5/08 , F23L17/00 , F23B7/00
CPC分类号： F23C6/045 , F23C7/02 , F23L9/02 , F23M5/085 , F23C2201/10
摘要： A method for reducing the rate of side wall corrosion in a coal-fired utility boiler. A plurality of side wall slots are provided in the side walls of the boiler so that a protective layer of air may be introduced through the slots and propelled upward by the updraft from the burners.
摘要翻译： 一种降低燃煤电力锅炉侧壁腐蚀速率的方法。 多个侧壁槽设置在锅炉的侧壁中，使得空气的保护层可以通过槽引入并且通过来自燃烧器的上升气流向上推动。
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公开(公告)号：US5724897A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-10
申请号：US738742
申请日：1996-10-28
CPC分类号： F23D1/00 , F23D2201/10 , F23D2201/20
摘要： An improved pulverized coal burner that reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides. The coal burner includes fuel splitters that separate a mixture of primary air and coal into a plurality of streams while the mixture is discharged through a diffuser having a plurality of partially open areas and a plurality of blocked areas. After passing through the diffuser, the plurality of streams are discharged into a furnace to be burned. The plurality of partially open areas and blocked areas are created by removing sections of the diffuser and replacing the removed sections with fuel spiders. Creation of these discrete streams delays mixing with secondary air. Because primary air is supplied in sub-stoichiometric quantities, the coal in these split streams will be burned under fuel-rich conditions for the first 100 to 200 milliseconds of combustion, until the delayed mixing of secondary air occurs. Combustion in a fuel-rich environment retards formation of nitrogen oxides in two ways. First, nitrogen that is part of the volatile matter that is evolved during the ears stages of combustion will tend to form molecular nitrogen rather than react with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. Second, an oxygen deficiency will reduce formation of nitrogen oxides from atmospheric nitrogen. Two variations of bypass conduits are disclosed that allow a portion of the mixture of primary air and coal to bypass the diffuser and discharge into the furnace.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的粉煤燃烧器，可减少氮氧化物的形成。 煤燃烧器包括燃料分配器，其将一次空气和煤的混合物分离成多个流，同时通过具有多个部分开放区域和多个阻塞区域的扩散器排出混合物。 在通过扩散器之后，将多个流排出到待燃烧的炉中。 通过去除扩散器的部分并用燃料蜘蛛代替去除的部分来创建多个部分开放区域和阻塞区域。 这些离散流的创建延迟了与二次空气的混合。 由于一次空气以亚化学计量的方式供应，这些分流中的煤将在富燃料条件下燃烧第一个100至200毫秒的燃烧，直到发生二次空气的延迟混合。 在富含燃料的环境中的燃烧有两种方式阻碍了氮氧化物的形成。 首先，作为挥发性物质的一部分的氮在燃烧期间演化，倾向于形成分子氮而不是与氧反应形成氮氧化物。 第二，缺氧会减少氮氧化物从大气氮的形成。 公开了旁路管道的两种变型，其允许一次空气和煤的混合物的一部分绕过扩散器并排放到炉中。
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公开(公告)号：US4779545A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-25
申请号：US159677
申请日：1988-02-24
CPC分类号： F23C6/00 , F23C1/12 , F23J2219/201
摘要： An apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from furnace flue gas is provided in which a pulse generator introduces natural gas, or other fluid fuel which has little or no fixed nitrogen, into the upper portion of the furnace. The fuel pulse reacts with the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas to form ammonia-like compounds and nitrogen gas. These ammonia-like compounds react with additional amounts of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas to form nitrogen gas, water vapor and carbon dioxide. In this manner, the amount of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced using a process which can be easily applied to retrofitted furnaces.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于减少炉烟气中的氮氧化物排放的装置和方法，其中脉冲发生器将天然气或具有很少或没有固定氮的其它流体燃料引入炉的上部。 燃料脉冲与烟气中的氮氧化物反应形成氨类化合物和氮气。 这些氨类化合物与烟道气中的额外量的氮氧化物反应，形成氮气，水蒸汽和二氧化碳。 以这种方式，使用可以容易地应用于改装的炉子的方法来减少烟道气中的氮氧化物的量。
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公开(公告)号：US06213032B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-10
申请号：US09385992
申请日：1999-08-30
IPC分类号： F23J1500
CPC分类号： B01D53/56 , F23J15/003
摘要： An in-furnace method and apparatus reduces nitrogen oxides in flue gas by injecting an oil water emulsion into flue gas so that the oil and water mixes with said flue gas. The emulsion has from 35% to 80% water and is injected in sufficient quantities to provide enough oil to promote a reaction between the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas and the oil, so as to reduce nitrogen oxide content of the flue gas and to maintain overall fuel lean conditions above the primary combustion zone. The emulsion preferably is atomized before injection and may also be injected in jet streams. Other materials such as limestone, ammonia and urea could be added to the oil water emulsion prior to injection.
摘要翻译： 炉内方法和装置通过将油水乳液注入烟气中来减少烟道气中的氮氧化物，使得油和水与所述烟道气混合。 该乳液具有35％至80％的水，并且足够注入以提供足够的油以促进烟气中的氮氧化物和油之间的反应，以便减少烟道气的氮氧化物含量并维持 整体燃料贫乏状况高于主燃烧区。 乳液优选在注射之前被雾化并且也可以以喷射流注入。 其它材料如石灰石，氨和尿素可以在注射前加入到油水乳液中。
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7.发明授权Method for NO.sub.x reduction by upper furnace injection of solutions of fixed nitrogen in water 失效通过高炉注入固定氮在水中的溶液进行NOx还原的方法
公开(公告)号：US6030204A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-29
申请号：US36824
申请日：1998-03-09
申请人： Bernard P. Breen , Roger W. Glickert , James E. Gabrielson , John P. Bionda , Anthony Hallo , Gerard F. Gretz
发明人： Bernard P. Breen , Roger W. Glickert , James E. Gabrielson , John P. Bionda , Anthony Hallo , Gerard F. Gretz
CPC分类号： B01D53/79 , B01D53/501 , B01D53/56
摘要： In a method of reducing NO.sub.x a water-fixed nitrogen solution is injected into a furnace near the exit from the furnace where the temperatures exceed 2000.degree. F. and combustion is occurring. Preferably the solution is injected through a combination of atomizing nozzles and spray jets into a region of the furnace which does not exceed 2700.degree. F. A calcium compound to react with sulfur dioxide may also be added.
摘要翻译： 在减少NOx的方法中，将水固氮溶液从温度超过2000°F的炉的出口附近的炉中注入并进行燃烧。 优选地，通过雾化喷嘴和喷射喷嘴的组合将溶液注入不超过2700°F的炉的区域。还可以加入与二氧化硫反应的钙化合物。
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8.发明授权Method and apparatus for nox reduction by upper furnace injection of coal water slurry 失效通过上水炉注入煤水浆料进行nox还原的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5746144A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-05
申请号：US657322
申请日：1996-06-03
CPC分类号： F23K1/02 , F23C6/047 , F23J7/00 , F23C2201/101
摘要： In a method for reducing NOx in the flue gas a coal water slurry is injected into the furnace above the primary combustion zone into a region having a temperature from 1800.degree. F. to 2700.degree. F. The slurry is preferably injected through atomizers and through injectors that introduce a continuous stream. Lime, ammonia, urea and completion air can also be injected.
摘要翻译： 在用于还原烟道气中的NOx的方法中，将煤水浆料注入到初级燃烧区以上的炉中，进入温度为1800°F至2700°F的区域。浆料优选通过雾化器和喷射器 引入连续的流。 石灰，氨，尿素和完成空气也可以注射。
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公开(公告)号：US5276254A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-04
申请号：US868701
申请日：1992-04-15
IPC分类号： C22B1/14
CPC分类号： C22B1/14
摘要： A process for stabilizing sludge containing flyash and calcium sulfate formed by a lime or limestone scrubber increases the sludge particles to a size at which leaching of toxic metals from the particles no longer occurs at toxic levels. The sludge is dewatered and injected into the furnace in a manner to cause the flyash to soften and stick together. The agglomerated particles then fall into a bottom ash pit for removal as a common waste.
摘要翻译： 用于稳定由石灰或石灰石洗涤器形成的含有粉煤灰和硫酸钙的污泥的方法将污泥颗粒增加到有毒金属从颗粒中浸出不再发生在有毒水平的尺寸。 将污泥脱水并注入炉内，使粉煤灰软化并粘在一起。 聚集的颗粒然后落入一个底部灰坑，以作为常见的废物去除。
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10.发明授权Apparatus and method to improve pulverizer and reduce NO.sub.x emissions in coal-fired boilers 失效改善燃煤锅炉粉碎机和减少NOx排放的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5241915A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-07
申请号：US926418
申请日：1992-08-10
IPC分类号： F23K1/04
CPC分类号： F23K1/04
摘要： An apparatus and method to improve pulverizer operation and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from furnaces which burn pulverized coal from at least one pulverizer. A duct type burner burns a fuel in the primary air which heats the primary air supplied to the pulverizers. The combustion increases the primary air temperature and improves the drying of the coal, thus improving the pulverizer throughput and/or the fineness of the pulverized coal. Operation of the duct burner also reduces the oxygen in the primary air. The reduction in oxygen reduces the propensity of the coal to ignite in the pulverizers and cause fires or even explosions. The reduced oxygen in the primary air also reduces NO.sub.x formation.
摘要翻译： 一种用于改善粉碎机操作并减少来自至少一台粉碎机燃烧粉煤的炉的氮氧化物排放的装置和方法。 管式燃烧器燃烧一次空气中的燃料，加热供给到粉碎机的一次空气。 燃烧增加一次空气温度并改善煤的干燥，从而提高粉碎机的生产量和/或粉煤的细度。 管道燃烧器的操作也减少了一次空气中的氧气。 氧的减少降低了煤在粉碎机中点燃的倾向，并引起火灾甚至爆炸。 一次空气中的还原氧也降低了NOx的形成。
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