摘要:
Systems and methods are provided for calibrating image sensors. In some embodiments, a processing module of an image system can automatically perform a self-calibration process after a production unit of an image sensor has been integrated into an end product system. For example, the processing module can calibrate a production unit based on one or more reference pixels of the production unit, where the one or more reference pixels have minimal color filtration. In some embodiments, the processing module may perform local calibrations by correcting specifically for spatial variations in a color filter array (“CFA”). In some embodiments, the processing module can perform global calibrations by correcting for optical density variations in the CFA. In some embodiments, a processing module can determine whether the cause of production variations is related to production variations of a CFA or production variations of an infrared (“IR”) cutoff filter.
摘要:
Imaging systems may be provided with stacked-chip image sensors. A stacked-chip image sensor may include a vertical chip stack that includes an array of image pixels, control circuitry and storage and processing circuitry. The image pixel array may be coupled to the control circuitry using vertical metal interconnects. The control circuitry may provide digital image data to the storage and processing circuitry over additional vertical conductive. The stacked-chip image sensor may be configured to capture image frames at a capture frame rate and to output processed image frames at an output frame rate that is lower that the capture frame rate. The storage and processing circuitry may be configured to process image frames concurrently with image capture operations. Processing image frames concurrently with image capture operations may include adjusting the positions of moving objects and by adjusting the pixel brightness values of regions of image frames that have changing brightness.
摘要:
Imaging systems may be provided with stacked-chip image sensors. A stacked-chip image sensor may include a vertical chip stack that includes an array of image pixels, control circuitry and storage and processing circuitry. The image pixel array may be coupled to the control circuitry using vertical metal interconnects. The control circuitry may provide digital image data to the storage and processing circuitry over additional vertical conductive. The stacked-chip image sensor may be configured to capture image frames at a capture frame rate and to output processed image frames at an output frame rate that is lower that the capture frame rate. The storage and processing circuitry may be configured to process image frames concurrently with image capture operations. Processing image frames concurrently with image capture operations may include adjusting the positions of moving objects and by adjusting the pixel brightness values of regions of image frames that have changing brightness.
摘要:
Electronic devices may include super-resolution imaging systems for capturing multiple relatively low-resolution images and combining the captured images to form a high-resolution image. The imaging system may include image sensors configured to capture information above the Nyquist frequency of the image sensor by providing each image sensor pixel in an array of image sensor pixels with structures for reducing the size of the clear pixel aperture below the size of the image sensor pixel. The structures may be configured to pass light that is incident on a central region of the image sensor pixel to a photo-sensitive element through a color filter element and to reject light that is incident on a surrounding edge region. The structures may include a microlens configured to reject light that is incident on the edge region or a combination of a microlens and masking structures. Masking structures may be absorbing, reflecting, or interfering structures.
摘要:
Systems and methods are provided for calibrating image sensors. In some embodiments, a processing module of an image system can automatically perform a self-calibration process after a production unit of an image sensor has been integrated into an end product system. For example, the processing module can calibrate a production unit based on one or more reference pixels of the production unit, where the one or more reference pixels have minimal color filtration. In some embodiments, the processing module may perform local calibrations by correcting specifically for spatial variations in a color filter array (“CFA”). In some embodiments, the processing module can perform global calibrations by correcting for optical density variations in the CFA. In some embodiments, a processing module can determine whether the cause of production variations is related to production variations of a CFA or production variations of an infrared (“IR”) cutoff filter.
摘要:
An electronic device may have a digital image sensor for capturing an image and may have storage and processing circuitry for processing the image to produce a corresponding enhanced depth-of-field image. Multiple image areas, within a given image may be processed. As each image area is processed, a signal-to-noise ratio may be computed. A kernel parameter characteristic curve may be used to select values to be used for kernel parameters for each image area based on the computed signal-to-noise ratio for that image area. Kernels may be generated for each image area and the generated kernels may be convolved with their respective image areas to modify the image areas. This allows each image area to be selectively sharpened or smoothed based on its signal-to-noise ratio. Image areas with low and high signal-to-noise ratios may be sharpened less those with moderate signal-to-noise ratios to enhance depth of field in the image.
摘要:
A rigid camera with a film holder independently rotatable about a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. The film holder rotates synchronously with the focusing plate of the viewfinder. The focusing plate rotates independently about a first horizontal axis parallel to the horizontal axis of the film holder when the film holder rotates about its horizontal axis, and about a second horizontal axis perpendicular to its first axis when the film plane rotates about its vertical axis.
摘要:
Electronic devices may include super-resolution imaging systems for capturing multiple relatively low-resolution images and combining the captured images to form a high-resolution image. The imaging system may include image sensors configured to capture information above the Nyquist frequency of the image sensor by providing each image sensor pixel in an array of image sensor pixels with structures for reducing the size of the clear pixel aperture below the size of the image sensor pixel. The structures may be configured to pass light that is incident on a central region of the image sensor pixel to a photo-sensitive element through a color filter element and to reject light that is incident on a surrounding edge region. The structures may include a microlens configured to reject light that is incident on the edge region or a combination of a microlens and masking structures. Masking structures may be absorbing, reflecting, or interfering structures.
摘要:
An electronic device may have a digital image sensor for capturing an image and may have storage and processing circuitry for processing the image to produce a corresponding enhanced depth-of-field image. Multiple image areas, within a given image may be processed. As each image area is processed, a signal-to-noise ratio may be computed. A kernel parameter characteristic curve may be used to select values to be used for kernel parameters for each image area based on the computed signal-to-noise ratio for that image area. Kernels may be generated for each image area and the generated kernels may be convolved with their respective image areas to modify the image areas. This allows each image area to be selectively sharpened or smoothed based on its signal-to-noise ratio. Image areas with low and high signal-to-noise ratios may be sharpened less those with moderate signal-to-noise ratios to enhance depth of field in the image.