公开(公告)号：US5253646A

公开(公告)日：1993-10-19

申请号：US853183

申请日：1992-03-18

申请人： David T. Delpy ,  Mark Cope

发明人： David T. Delpy ,  Mark Cope

IPC分类号： A61B5/145 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1464 ,  A61B10/00 ,  A61B6/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/14553

摘要： A diagnostic apparatus includes light sources which emit near infrared light rays of different wavelengths. The light rays are introduced into human brain to be subjected to diagnosis and the light rays transmitted through the brain are picked up. There are provided a first detector which detects occurrences of respirations of the subject and outputs a respiration signal, and a second detector which detects occurrences of heartbeats of the subject and outputs a heartbeat signal. The light transmitted through the brain is derived in synchronism with both the respiration signal and the heartbeat signal and first and second modulated light transmission signals are produced which are respectively modulated by the respiration signal and the heartbeat signal. The first and second modulated light transmission signals are separately analyzed to provide variations in concentration of oxygenated media .DELTA.X.sub.02 and disoxygenated media .DELTA.X contained in venous and arterial blood of the brain, respectively. Based thereon, oxygen saturations of both venous and arterial blood flowing in the brain are separately computed and displayed in a monitor screen.

公开(公告)号：US5032024A

公开(公告)日：1991-07-16

申请号：US345260

申请日：1989-05-01

申请人： Mark Cope

发明人： Mark Cope

IPC分类号： A61N5/06 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/145 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B10/00 ,  G01J1/10 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/53

CPC分类号： G01J3/02 ,  A61B5/14553 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/532 ,  G01J1/10

摘要： An optical examination apparatus for optically examining density, distribution, etc. of oxygen in an object to be examined such as organic tissue like brain tissue, of man or animal compressing a light source, an optical fibre bundle having one end on which light emitted from the light source is incident and which is divided at the other end into a first and second branch with a predetermined ratio of division, transmitted and scattered light detection means for detecting light is emitted from the first branch of the fibre bundle and transmitted through and scattered by the object to be examined, monitoring light detection means for detecting monitoring light emitted from the second branch fibre bundle, normalization means for normalizing an output of the transmitted and scattered light detected means on the basis of an output from the monitoring light detection means, representative sampling means for ensuring that the light output from the second branch fibre bundle is representative of that output by the light source. The representative sampling means may be provided by distributing the optical fibres forming the second branch fibre bundle uniformly over the one end of the optical fibre bundle or may comprise a mode scrambler interposed between the one end of the optical fibre bundle and the light source to distribute light from the light source over the whole fibre bundle.

摘要翻译： 一种光学检查装置，用于光学检查待检测物体中的氧的密度，分布等，如有机组织如脑组织，压缩光源的人或动物，具有一端的光纤束， 光源是入射的，并且在另一端被划分为具有预定比例的分割的第一和第二分支，用于检测光的透射和散射光检测装置从光纤束的第一分支发射并透射和散射 通过检查对象，检测从第二分支光纤束发出的监视光的监视光检测装置，用于根据监视光检测装置的输出对发射和散射光检测装置的输出进行归一化的归一化装置， 用于确保来自第二分支光纤束的光输出具有代表性的代表性采样装置 的光输出。 可以通过将形成第二分支光纤束的光纤均匀地分布在光纤束的一端上来提供代表性采样装置，或者可以包括插入在光纤束的一端和光源之间的模式扰频器，以分布 来自光源的整个纤维束的光。

公开(公告)号：US20050157813A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-21

申请号：US10480761

申请日：2002-06-12

申请人： Mark Cope ,  Peter Kenington ,  Steven Meade

发明人： Mark Cope ,  Peter Kenington ,  Steven Meade

IPC分类号： H03F1/32 ,  H04K1/02

CPC分类号： H03F1/3247 ,  H03F1/3294 ,  H03F2201/3224

摘要： The digital predistorter multiplies the input signal with coefficients obtained from look-up tables. To reduce the amount of storage required, the coefficients are stored in partial form and are either reconstituted by addition of a constant (44, FIG. 3b) prior to application to the input signal or the retrieved coefficients are applied directly to the input signal and the resulting modified signal is then combined with the original input signal (34, FIG. 2a).

摘要翻译： 数字预失真器将输入信号与从查找表获得的系数相乘。 为了减少所需的存储量，系数以部分形式存储，并且在应用于输入信号之前通过添加常数（44，图3b）来重构，或者将检索到的系数直接应用于输入信号 然后将所产生的经修改的信号与原始输入信号（图2a中的34）组合。

公开(公告)号：US20050036650A1

公开(公告)日：2005-02-17

申请号：US10480779

申请日：2002-06-12

申请人： John Bishop ,  Antony Smithson ,  Steven Meade ,  Mark Cope

发明人： John Bishop ,  Antony Smithson ,  Steven Meade ,  Mark Cope

IPC分类号： H03F1/32 ,  G06K9/00

CPC分类号： H03F1/3294 ,  H03F1/3223 ,  H03F1/3247

摘要： The control scheme uses the input and output signals of an amplifier (10) to control a lineariser (24) operating on the amplifier (10). The input and output signals are sensed and used to develop assay signals that have ideal inter-relationships when the amplifier is operating as desired. The control scheme modifies the operation of the lineariser to account for any departures observed in the relationships.

摘要翻译： 控制方案使用放大器（10）的输入和输出信号来控制在放大器（10）上操作的线性化器（24）。 当放大器根据需要进行操作时，感测输入和输出信号并用于开发具有理想相互关系的测定信号。 控制方案修改了线性关系器的操作，以解释在关系中观察到的任何偏差。

公开(公告)号：US5825488A

公开(公告)日：1998-10-20

申请号：US745204

申请日：1996-11-08

申请人： Matthias Kohl ,  Mark Cope ,  Matthias Essenpreis ,  Dirk Boecker

发明人： Matthias Kohl ,  Mark Cope ,  Matthias Essenpreis ,  Dirk Boecker

IPC分类号： G01N33/483 ,  A61B5/145 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  G01N21/17 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G01N33/543 ,  G01N21/47

CPC分类号： G01N21/49

摘要： A method and an apparatus for determining analytical data concerning the inside of a scattering matrix, in particular of a biological sample. In a detection step detection measurements are carried out in which light is irradiated into the matrix as primary light at an irradiation site (12) through an interface bounding the scattering matrix (6) and light emerging out of the scattering matrix through the interface is detected as secondary light at a detection site (13) at a predetermined measuring distance from the irradiation site, in order to determine as a measurement variable a measurable physical property of the light which varies due to the interaction of the light with the scattering matrix, which measurement variable is a measure of the analytical data to be determined. In an evaluation step the analytical data are determined on the basis of the measurement variable measured in the detection step. In order that such a matrix analysis may be carried out with relatively simple measuring means, at least two detection measurements are carried out in the detection step with different reflection conditions at the interface (5) between the irradiation site (12) and the detection site (13), in each of which the measurement value of the measurement variable is determined.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定关于散射矩阵，特别是生物样品的内部的分析数据的方法和装置。 在检测步骤中，进行检测测量，其中在辐射位置（12）处通过界定散射矩阵（6）的界面将光照射到基质中作为初级光，并且检测出通过界面从散射矩阵出射的光 作为在距离照射部位预定测量距离处的检测部位（13）处的二次光，以便将由于光与散射矩阵的相互作用而变化的光的可测量的物理性质确定为测量变量，其中 测量变量是要确定的分析数据的度量。 在评估步骤中，基于在检测步骤中测量的测量变量来确定分析数据。 为了可以用相对简单的测量装置进行这种矩阵分析，在具有不同反射条件的检测步骤中，在照射部位（12）和检测部位（5）之间的界面（5）处进行至少两次检测测量 （13），其中每个测量变量的测量值被确定。

公开(公告)号：US07590190B2

公开(公告)日：2009-09-15

申请号：US11214191

申请日：2005-08-29

申请人： Christian G. Luke ,  Ian Johnson ,  Mark Cope ,  Adrian Mansell ,  Steven Andrew Wood

发明人： Christian G. Luke ,  Ian Johnson ,  Mark Cope ,  Adrian Mansell ,  Steven Andrew Wood

IPC分类号： H04K1/02

CPC分类号： H04L27/3809

摘要： A system and method for controlling the gain in the forward signal path of a digital predistortion linearizer is disclosed. The loop gain of the predistortion system is driven to unity, where a separately controlled constant-gain observation path allows accurate gain control of the forward path. This is divided into digital gain from the predistortion function and analog gain from a Voltage Variable Attenuator (VVA) in the transmitter. The invention balances the distribution between these two domains in order to maximize dynamic range and minimize noise in the forward signal path. In order to distribute the forward path gain accurately, the characteristic of the VVA must be well known. Since these devices tend to be non-linear, with variable characteristic over temperature and batch, the invention compensates for this non-linear behavior by tracking the varying transfer characteristic of the VVA, giving a predictable local characteristic. Another aspect of the disclosed invention is the ability to operate with very low transmit power and loop gain levels, allowing accurate gain control during such scenarios as cell initialization, that require operation over a wide dynamic range.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于控制数字预失真线性化电路的前向信号路径中的增益的系统和方法。 预失真系统的环路增益被驱动为单位，其中单独控制的恒定增益观测路径允许正向路径的精确增益控制。 这被分为来自预失真功能的数字增益和发射机中的电压可变衰减器（VVA）的模拟增益。 本发明平衡了这两个域之间的分布，以便使动态范围最大化并使正向信号路径中的噪声最小化。 为了准确地分配正向路径增益，VVA的特性必须是众所周知的。 由于这些装置倾向于非线性，具有温度和批次可变特性，本发明通过跟踪VVA的变化传递特性来补偿该非线性行为，从而给出可预测的局部特性。 所公开的发明的另一方面是以非常低的发射功率和环路增益水平进行操作的能力，从而允许在需要在宽动态范围上操作的诸如小区初始化的情况下的精确增益控制。

公开(公告)号：US20060008026A1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-12

申请号：US11175509

申请日：2005-07-06

申请人： Steven Wood ,  Ian Johnson ,  Christian Luke ,  Adrian Mansell ,  Mark Cope

发明人： Steven Wood ,  Ian Johnson ,  Christian Luke ,  Adrian Mansell ,  Mark Cope

IPC分类号： H04K1/02

CPC分类号： H04L7/007 ,  H03F1/3241 ,  H04L7/0029 ,  H04L7/0062

摘要： A system and method for rapidly correcting the time difference between two signals is disclosed. In particular, a system and method for very rapidly correcting timing errors to the very high degree of accuracy required for digital predistortion adaptation is disclosed. The method is a signal processing technique, which can be performed in either hardware or software, which employs a correlation computation. The correlation results are processed in a manner that enables very rapid and accurate estimation of the time difference between the two signals.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于快速校正两个信号之间的时间差的系统和方法。 特别地，公开了一种用于非常快速地校正定时误差的数字预失真适应所需的非常高的准确度的系统和方法。 该方法是信号处理技术，其可以在采用相关计算的硬件或软件中执行。 相关结果以能够非常快速和准确地估计两个信号之间的时间差的方式进行处理。

公开(公告)号：US08073385B2

公开(公告)日：2011-12-06

申请号：US12468710

申请日：2009-05-19

申请人： Richard Neil Braithwaite ,  Scott Carichner ,  Mark Cope

发明人： Richard Neil Braithwaite ,  Scott Carichner ,  Mark Cope

IPC分类号： H04B1/60

CPC分类号： H04B7/15585

摘要： An adaptive echo cancellation system and method employing an algorithm suitable for a digital repeater with sub-band filtering is disclosed. Cross- and auto-correlation measurements used to estimate the residual coupling are computed from normalized cross and power spectrums which avoid the problems associated with narrow bandwidth signal components. The normalized cross- and power spectra are additionally masked in frequency to reduce the influence of interfering spectral components outside of the passband of the sub-band filter. Regularization of the iterative estimation process is applied to maintain stability and compensate for the bandwidth reduction associated with the sub-band filter and the spectral mask.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用适用于具有子带滤波的数字中继器的算法的自适应回波消除系统和方法。 用于估计残差耦合的交叉和自相关测量是从归一化的交叉和功率谱计算出来的，可避免与窄带宽信号分量相关的问题。 标准化的交叉和功率谱在频率上被额外屏蔽以减少在子带滤波器的通带之外的干扰频谱分量的影响。 应用迭代估计过程的正则化来维持稳定性并补偿与子带滤波器和频谱掩模相关联的带宽减小。

公开(公告)号：US20090291632A1

公开(公告)日：2009-11-26

申请号：US12468710

申请日：2009-05-19

申请人： Richard Neil Braithwaite ,  Scott Carichner ,  Mark Cope

发明人： Richard Neil Braithwaite ,  Scott Carichner ,  Mark Cope

IPC分类号： H04B3/36

CPC分类号： H04B7/15585

摘要： An adaptive echo cancellation system and method employing an algorithm suitable for a digital repeater with sub-band filtering is disclosed. Cross- and auto-correlation measurements used to estimate the residual coupling are computed from normalized cross and power spectrums which avoid the problems associated with narrow bandwidth signal components. The normalized cross- and power spectra are additionally masked in frequency to reduce the influence of interfering spectral components outside of the passband of the sub-band filter. Regularization of the iterative estimation process is applied to maintain stability and compensate for the bandwidth reduction associated with the sub-band filter and the spectral mask.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用适用于具有子带滤波的数字中继器的算法的自适应回波消除系统和方法。 用于估计残差耦合的交叉和自相关测量是从归一化的交叉和功率谱计算出来的，可避免与窄带宽信号分量相关的问题。 标准化的交叉和功率谱在频率上被额外屏蔽以减少在子带滤波器的通带之外的干扰频谱分量的影响。 应用迭代估计过程的正则化来维持稳定性并补偿与子带滤波器和频谱掩模相关联的带宽减小。

公开(公告)号：US07239671B2

公开(公告)日：2007-07-03

申请号：US11175509

申请日：2005-07-06

申请人： Steven A. Wood ,  Ian Johnson ,  Christian G. Luke ,  Adrian Mansell ,  Mark Cope

发明人： Steven A. Wood ,  Ian Johnson ,  Christian G. Luke ,  Adrian Mansell ,  Mark Cope

IPC分类号： H04K1/02

CPC分类号： H04L7/007 ,  H03F1/3241 ,  H04L7/0029 ,  H04L7/0062

摘要： A system and method for rapidly correcting the time difference between two signals is disclosed. In particular, a system and method for very rapidly correcting timing errors to the very high degree of accuracy required for digital predistortion adaptation is disclosed. The method is a signal processing technique, which can be performed in either hardware or software, which employs a correlation computation. The correlation results are processed in a manner that enables very rapid and accurate estimation of the time difference between the two signals.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于快速校正两个信号之间的时间差的系统和方法。 特别地，公开了一种用于非常快速地校正定时误差的数字预失真适应所需的非常高的准确度的系统和方法。 该方法是信号处理技术，其可以在采用相关计算的硬件或软件中执行。 相关结果以能够非常快速和准确地估计两个信号之间的时间差的方式进行处理。