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公开(公告)号：US5272663A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-21
申请号：US878842
申请日：1992-05-05
CPC分类号： H03H9/02976 , H03H21/0005
摘要： Method and apparatus for adaptive filtering a first signal to produce a second signal that approximates a desired signal including an acoustic charge transport type programmable transversal filter (PTF) having a number of taps where each tap corresponds to an associated delayed first signal and each tap having means for providing a variable tap weight to modify the filter response. The first signal is coupled to the PTF and the output of the PTF produces the second signal. A summer compares the output of the PTF and the desired signal to produce an error signal. A programmable delay line has time delays programmable to integer multiples of the PTF tap spacing to provide a delayed version of the first signal, and a multiplier multiplies the error signal and the delayed input of the programmable delay line to produce a gradient signal. The gradient signal is filtered with an analog lowpass filter to produce a filtered gradient signal which in turn is converted to a digital signal by a low bandwidth analog to digital converter. A microprocessor implements a filtered gradient algorithm to update the PTF filter tap, load the new tap weight into the PTF, and reconfigure the programmable delay line to produce a filtered gradient for another tap. The comparison of the PTF output with the desired signal continues to develop an error signal and the adaptive process is repeated until the error signal becomes substantially zero which results in the second signal more closely approximating the desired signal.
摘要翻译： 用于对第一信号进行自适应滤波以产生近似所需信号的第二信号的方法和装置，所述第二信号包括具有多个抽头的声电荷传输类型可编程横向滤波器（PTF），其中每个抽头对应于相关联的延迟第一信号，并且每个抽头具有 用于提供可变抽头重量以修改过滤器响应的装置。 第一信号耦合到PTF，PTF的输出产生第二信号。 夏天比较PTF的输出和所需的信号以产生误差信号。 可编程延迟线具有可编程为PTF抽头间隔的整数倍的时间延迟，以提供第一信号的延迟版本，并且乘法器将误差信号和可编程延迟线的延迟输入相乘以产生梯度信号。 用模拟低通滤波器对梯度信号进行滤波，以产生经滤波的梯度信号，滤波后的梯度信号又由低带宽模数转换器转换为数字信号。 微处理器实现滤波的梯度算法来更新PTF滤波器抽头，将新的抽头加权加载到PTF中，并重新配置可编程延迟线，以产生另一个抽头的滤波梯度。 PTF输出与期望信号的比较继续产生误差信号，重复自适应处理，直到误差信号变得基本为零，这导致第二信号更接近于期望信号。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07278157B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-02
申请号：US10097950
申请日：2002-03-14
CPC分类号： H04L63/029 , H04L67/02 , H04L67/2876
摘要： In a data communications network, a split proxy can include a split proxy server disposed behind a firewall in a private portion of the data communications network; a split proxy client disposed in a client computing device positioned externally to the private portion of the data communications network; a split proxy client interface to at least one client application in the client computing device, and a split proxy server interface to at least one server application corresponding to the at least one client application in the private portion of the data communications network. A tunnel can be established between the split proxy client and split proxy server. The tunnel can host all Internet Protocol (IP) data traffic between the client application and the corresponding server application in the private portion of the data communications network.
摘要翻译： 在数据通信网络中，拆分代理可以包括在数据通信网络的私有部分中设置在防火墙后面的拆分代理服务器; 设置在位于数据通信网络的私有部分的外部的客户端计算设备中的拆分代理客户机; 到所述客户端计算设备中的至少一个客户端应用的分割代理客户端接口，以及到所述数据通信网络的所述私有部分中与所述至少一个客户端应用相对应的至少一个服务器应用的分割代理服务器接口。 可以在拆分代理客户端和拆分代理服务器之间建立隧道。 隧道可以在客户端应用程序和数据通信网络的私有部分中的对应服务器应用程序之间承载所有Internet协议（IP）数据流量。
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公开(公告)号：US5621517A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-15
申请号：US434873
申请日：1995-05-02
CPC分类号： G01M11/3127
摘要： An optical fiber test unit and a method of operating it. The test unit has a laser with a computer controlled excitation current input. To take a measurement, the laser is turned on for a period of time which is approximately equal to twice the propagation time through the fiber. The laser is then turned off and the reflected signal is recorded. This signal is displayed and contains discontinuities which indicate discontinuities in the fiber. The unit provides good dynamic range, but is able to make measurements more rapidly than a conventional OTDR. It is therefore well suited for scan testing of fiber optic cable bundles.
摘要翻译： 光纤测试单元及其操作方法。 测试单元具有带计算机控制的激励电流输入的激光器。 要进行测量，激光器打开一段时间，大约等于通过光纤的传播时间的两倍。 然后关闭激光并记录反射信号。 显示此信号，并包含指示光纤不连续性的不连续性。 该单元提供良好的动态范围，但能够比常规OTDR更快地进行测量。 因此，它非常适用于光纤电缆束的扫描测试。
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4.发明授权Method and apparatus for blind signal recovery in noisy, reverberant environments 有权用于在噪声，混响环境中盲信号恢复的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US09093079B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-28
申请号：US12963877
申请日：2010-12-09
IPC分类号： G10L21/0208 , G10L21/0272 , G10L21/028 , G10L21/0216
CPC分类号： G10L21/0272 , G10L21/0216 , G10L2021/02166
摘要： A maximum-kurtosis, distortionless response (MKDR) technique and an extension, the maximum-kurtosis, Wiener estimate (MKWE) technique, are provided. In one form, blind estimates of the speech source's channel response are made from the microphone data and MVDR is applied. The source direction is estimated by finding weights that maximize output kurtosis, or the fourth central statistical moment, in the frequency domain. The MKWE approach approximates the Wiener filter by using MKDR-output noise power estimates to compute a Wiener post-filter. These approaches can be extended to block-adaptive versions if the speech source is not quickly moving in space.
摘要翻译： 提供最大峰度，无失真响应（MKDR）技术和扩展，最大峰度，维纳估计（MKWE）技术。 在一种形式中，语音源的信道响应的盲目估计是从麦克风数据和MVDR应用的。 通过发现在频域中最大化输出峰度或第四中心统计时刻的权重来估计源方向。 MKWE方法通过使用MKDR输出噪声功率估计来近似维纳滤波器来计算维纳后置滤波器。 如果语音源不能在空间中快速移动，则这些方法可以扩展到块自适应版本。
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公开(公告)号：US07688678B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-30
申请号：US11259619
申请日：2005-10-26
申请人： Erik Larsen , Albert Feng , Douglas L. Jones
发明人： Erik Larsen , Albert Feng , Douglas L. Jones
IPC分类号： G01B17/00
CPC分类号： G01H7/00 , G01H3/00 , H04R2225/41 , H04S7/307
摘要： One embodiment of the invention includes a processing subsystem (30) responsive to the detection of sound coming from a room (26) to establish an acoustic impulse response for the room (26), and determine a number of sound reflections corresponding to the impulse response. This subsystem (30) is further operable to determine volume of the room (26), one or more dimensions of the room (26) and/or at least one absorption coefficient of a room boundary as a function of the sound reflections.
摘要翻译： 本发明的一个实施例包括响应于来自房间（26）的声音的检测来建立对房间（26）的声学冲击响应的处理子系统（30），并且确定对应于脉冲响应的多个声音反射 。 该子系统（30）还可操作以根据声音反射来确定房间（26）的体积，房间（26）的一个或多个维度和/或房间边界的至少一个吸收系数。
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6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06400773B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-04
申请号：US09326246
申请日：1999-06-04
IPC分类号： H04L2728
CPC分类号： H04L27/2608
摘要： Optimum bit rates and power levels are determined for subchannels in multicarrier communication systems. A tangent of the rate-power curve has a slope &lgr;. The slope is defined by the quotient difference between high/low power and high/low rate. A particular &lgr; is evaluated to find its corresponding total power followed by an update of &lgr;, in the form of an increase or decrease, to get closer to the optimal solution. Each &lgr; is evaluated to find the optimal operating point for each subchannel on the rate-power curve by summing the power allocated to the subchannels, and comparing the result to the power budget. Look-up tables are stored for individual channels, but similarity between channels permits joint use of look-up tables by multiple channels. The tables are used to determine the rate-power characteristics at each iteration. An optimal solution is found when either a newly chosen power allocation meets the power budget exactly or a newly chosen power budget equals the high or low power of a previous iteration.
摘要翻译： 为多载波通信系统中的子信道确定最佳比特率和功率电平。 速率 - 功率曲线的切线具有斜率lambd。 斜率由高/低功率和高/低速率之间的商差定义。 评估特定的羔羊以找到其对应的总功率，然后以增加或减少的形式更新羔羊以更接近最优解。 评估每个羔羊通过对分配给子信道的功率进行求和并将结果与功率预算进行比较，来找出速率 - 功率曲线上每个子信道的最佳工作点。 为单个通道存储查找表，但是通道之间的相似性允许通过多个通道联合使用查找表。 这些表用于确定每次迭代时的速率 - 功率特性。 当新选择的功率分配恰好满足功率预算或新选择的功率预算等于先前迭代的高功率或低功率时，可以找到最佳解决方案。
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公开(公告)号：US07613309B2
公开(公告)日：2009-11-03
申请号：US10290137
申请日：2002-11-07
申请人： Douglas L. Jones , Michael E. Lockwood , Robert C. Bilger , Carolyn T. Bilger, legal representative , Albert S. Feng , Charissa R. Lansing , William D. O'Brien , Bruce C. Wheeler , Mark Elledge , Chen Liu
发明人： Douglas L. Jones , Michael E. Lockwood , Robert C. Bilger , Albert S. Feng , Charissa R. Lansing , William D. O'Brien , Bruce C. Wheeler , Mark Elledge , Chen Liu
IPC分类号： H04B15/00
CPC分类号： H04R25/407 , G10L2021/02165 , H04R3/005 , H04R2201/403 , H04R2225/43 , H04R2430/20
摘要： System (10) is disclosed including an acoustic sensor array (20) coupled to processor (42). System (10) processes inputs from array (20) to extract a desired acoustic signal through the suppression of interfering signals. The extraction/suppression is performed by modifying the array (20) inputs in the frequency domain with weights selected to minimize variance of the resulting output signal while maintaining unity gain of signals received in the direction of the desired acoustic signal. System (10) may be utilized in hearing aids, voice input devices, surveillance devices, and other applications.
摘要翻译： 公开了包括耦合到处理器（42）的声学传感器阵列（20）的系统（10）。 系统（10）处理来自阵列（20）的输入，以通过抑制干扰信号来提取期望的声信号。 通过修改频域中的阵列（20）输入来执行提取/抑制，该权重被选择以最小化所得到的输出信号的方差，同时保持在所需声信号的方向上接收的信号的单位增益。 系统（10）可以用于助听器，语音输入设备，监视设备和其他应用中。
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公开(公告)号：US06987856B1
公开(公告)日：2006-01-17
申请号：US09193058
申请日：1998-11-16
申请人： Albert S. Feng , Chen Liu , Robert C. Bilger , Douglas L. Jones , Charissa R. Lansing , William D. O'Brien , Bruce C. Wheeler
发明人： Albert S. Feng , Chen Liu , Robert C. Bilger , Douglas L. Jones , Charissa R. Lansing , William D. O'Brien , Bruce C. Wheeler
CPC分类号： H04R25/552 , G01S3/8083 , G01S7/52001 , H04R25/407 , H04R25/505
摘要： A desired acoustic signal is extracted from a noisy environment by generating a signal representative of the desired signal with a processor. The processor receives aural signals from two sensors each at a different location. The two inputs to the processor are converted from analog to digital format and then submitted to a discrete Fourier transform process to generate discrete spectral signal representations. The spectral signals are delayed by a number of time intervals in a dual delay line to provide a number of intermediate signals, each corresponding to a different spatial location relative to the two sensors. Locations of the noise source and the desired source are determined and the spectral content of the desired signal is determined from the intermediate signal corresponding to the noise source locations. Inverse transformation of the selected intermediate signal followed by digital to analog conversion provides an output signal representative of the desired signal. Techniques to localize multiple acoustic sources are also disclosed. Further, a technique to enhance noise reduction from multiple sources based on two-sensor reception is described.
摘要翻译： 通过用处理器产生表示期望信号的信号，从噪声环境中提取期望的声信号。 处理器从不同位置接收来自两个传感器的听觉信号。 处理器的两个输入从模拟转换为数字格式，然后提交到离散傅立叶变换处理以产生离散的频谱信号表示。 频谱信号在双延迟线中延迟多个时间间隔以提供多个中间信号，每个中间信号对应于相对于两个传感器的不同的空间位置。 确定噪声源和所需源的位置，并根据对应于噪声源位置的中间信号确定期望信号的频谱含量。 所选择的中间信号的逆变换随后进行数模转换，提供代表期望信号的输出信号。 还公开了定位多个声源的技术。 此外，描述了一种基于双传感器接收来增强来自多个源的噪声降低的技术。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4680467A
公开(公告)日：1987-07-14
申请号：US849478
申请日：1986-04-08
IPC分类号： G01N23/227 , G01Q30/02 , H01J49/08 , H01J49/48
CPC分类号： H01J49/48 , G01N23/227 , H01J49/08
摘要： An electron spectroscopy system is disclosed which is specially suited for chemical analysis of electrically isolated specimens. X-rays or other ionizing radiation is focused to a relatively small spot on the surface of the electrically isolated sample to be analyzed. An electron energy analyzer has its input optics focused such that the input field of view of the electron energy analyzer is coincident with the beam spot produced by the focused beam of ionizing radiation on the specimen so as to capture secondary photoelectrons emitted from the surface of the sample under analysis. The energies of the secondary photoelectrons are analyzed to obtain a spectrum of the constituents of the surface of the sample under analysis. A flood beam of relatively low energy electrons is directed onto the surface of the sample for neutralizing the positive surface charge in the region of the beam spot. An electrically conductive grid is positioned in closely spaced relationship to the surface of the sample for smoothing the gradients in the electrical potential in the region of the beam spot, thereby improving the resolution of the secondary photoelectron energy spectrum obtained from the sample under analysis.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种特别适用于电隔离样品化学分析的电子能谱系统。 X射线或其他电离辐射被聚焦到要分析的电隔离样品的表面上的相对小的斑点。 电子能量分析仪的输入光学器件被聚焦，使得电子能量分析仪的输入视场与由样品上的聚焦电离辐射束产生的束斑重合，以便捕获从样品表面发射的第二光电子 分析样本。 分析次级光电子的能量，得到分析样品表面成分的光谱。 相对较低能量的电子的泛光束被引导到样品的表面上，以中和束斑区域中的正表面电荷。 导电栅格被定位成与样品表面紧密间隔的关系，用于平滑束斑区域中的电位梯度，从而提高从分析中得到的样品获得的次级光电子能谱的分辨率。
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10.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20110231185A1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-22
申请号：US12963877
申请日：2010-12-09
IPC分类号： G10L21/02
CPC分类号： G10L21/0272 , G10L21/0216 , G10L2021/02166
摘要： A maximum-kurtosis, distortionless response (MKDR) technique and an extension, the maximum-kurtosis, Wiener estimate (MKWE) technique, are provided. In one form, blind estimates of the speech source's channel response are made from the microphone data and MVDR is applied. The source direction is estimated by finding weights that maximize output kurtosis, or the fourth central statistical moment, in the frequency domain. The MKWE approach approximates the Wiener filter by using MKDR-output noise power estimates to compute a Wiener post-filter. These approaches can be extended to block-adaptive versions if the speech source is not quickly moving in space.
摘要翻译： 提供最大峰度，无失真响应（MKDR）技术和扩展，最大峰度，维纳估计（MKWE）技术。 在一种形式中，语音源的信道响应的盲目估计是从麦克风数据和MVDR应用的。 通过发现在频域中最大化输出峰度或第四中心统计时刻的权重来估计源方向。 MKWE方法通过使用MKDR输出噪声功率估计来近似维纳滤波器来计算维纳后置滤波器。 如果语音源不能在空间中快速移动，则这些方法可以扩展到块自适应版本。
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