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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4429227A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-31
申请号：US335183
申请日：1981-12-28
CPC分类号： G01T1/2018 , G01T1/1644
摘要： A modular solid state x-radiation detector. A detector array is made up of a plurality of collimator plates having pockets formed in the planar surfaces thereof to carry scintillator bars, and dimensioned so that the edges of the scintillators are shielded by the pockets, yielding several advantages. Wider scintillator bars are thus possible, increasing quantum detection efficiency while guarding against energy dependent punch through at the edges of the scintillator, thereby to enhance spectral linearity. The arrangement also prevents x-rays from bypassing the scintillator, thus protecting the adhesive which bonds the scintillator to the plate and the photodiodes mounted behind the scintillator. A further benefit is an increase in optical transfer of light to the rear of the scintillator where the diode is mounted since there is a less severe aspect ratio of depth to width, reducing the number of reflections encountered by light travelling to the photodiode. The collimator plates are also provided with opposed legs which engage slots in a photosensor assembly to accurately align the photosensor and scintillator.
摘要翻译： 模块式固态x辐射探测器。 检测器阵列由多个准直器板构成，其具有形成在其平面表面中的凹穴，以携带闪烁棒，并且尺寸使得闪烁体的边缘被凹穴屏蔽，产生若干优点。 因此，更宽的闪烁棒可能，从而提高量子检测效率，同时防止闪烁体边缘处的能量依赖穿透，从而提高光谱线性。 该布置还防止X射线绕过闪烁体，从而保护将闪烁体粘合到板上的粘合剂和安装在闪烁体后面的光电二极管。 另外的好处是由于深度与宽度之间存在不太严重的纵横比，减少了光线传播到光电二极管所遇到的反射次数，所以光的安置在二极管安装的闪烁器的背面的光学传递增加。 准直板还设置有相对的腿，其接合光传感器组件中的狭槽以精确对准光传感器和闪烁体。
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公开(公告)号：US4525628A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-25
申请号：US389828
申请日：1982-06-18
CPC分类号： C04B35/50 , C04B35/645 , C09K11/7787 , G01T1/2023 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/6581 , C04B2235/762
摘要： An improved scintillator for a solid state radiation detector useful in CT (computed tomography), DR (digital radiography), and related technologies. The scintillator, rather than being grown as a single crystal, is formed by means of hot pressing or sintering, as a polycrystalline ceramic. Rare earth oxides doped with rare earth activators are selected to yield a cubic crystal structure of high density and transmittance, which satisfies radiation detector requirements better than crystals utilized heretofore.
摘要翻译： 用于CT（计算机断层摄影），DR（数字射线照相）和相关技术的固态放射检测器的改进的闪烁体。 作为多晶陶瓷，通过热压或烧结形成闪烁体而不是单晶生长。 选择掺杂有稀土活化剂的稀土氧化物以产生高密度和透射率的立方晶体结构，其满足了迄今为止使用的晶体的辐射探测器要求。
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3.发明授权Preparation of yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators by sintering and gas hot isostatic pressing 失效通过烧结和气体热等静压制备氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体
公开(公告)号：US4518546A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-21
申请号：US608323
申请日：1984-05-08
IPC分类号： C04B35/50 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , G01T1/202
CPC分类号： G01T1/2023 , C04B35/50 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/6455 , C09K11/7769 , C09K11/7787 , Y10S264/91
摘要： Sintering and gas hot isostatic pressing are used to prepare polycrystalline yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillator bodies. Multi-component powder compacts, formed by cold pressing cold isostatic pressing, are sintered to the closed porosity stage. The density of the sintered compacts is then increased by gas hot isostatic pressing. The finished scintillator includes Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and one or more of Eu.sub.2 O.sub.3, Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3, Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3, Dy.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Tb.sub.2 O.sub.3 rare earth activator oxides. The finished scintillator may also include at least one of SrO and CaO as afterglow reducers.
摘要翻译： 烧结和气体热等静压用于制备多晶氧化钇陶瓷闪烁体。 通过冷压冷等静压法形成的多组分粉末压块，被烧结到闭孔阶段。 然后通过气体热等静压来增加烧结体的密度。 完成的闪烁体包括Y2O3，Gd2O3和一种或多种Eu2O3，Nd2O3，Yb2O3，Dy2O3，Pr2O3和Tb2O3稀土活化剂氧化物。 完成的闪烁体还可以包括SrO和CaO中的至少一种作为余辉减少剂。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4473513A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-25
申请号：US389818
申请日：1982-06-18
IPC分类号： C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , G01T1/202 , C09K1/10
CPC分类号： C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C04B35/6455 , C09K11/7769 , C09K11/7787 , G01T1/2023 , Y10S264/91
摘要： A method for preparing high density yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators includes cold-pressing a multicomponent powder to form powder compacts and then sintering the compacts to form transparent-to-translucent ceramic scintillator bodies. The powder compacts are formed by either die pressing or die pressing followed by isostatic pressing to further increase green density. The powder compacts are sintered in vacuum or a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of between 1800.degree. C. and 2100.degree. C. The preferred heating sequence includes a holding period at a temperature lower than the final sintering temperature. The finished scintillator includes Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and one or more of Eu.sub.2 O.sub.3, Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3, Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3, Dy.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Tb.sub.2 O.sub.3 rare earth activator oxides. The finished scintillator may also include at least one of SrO and CaO as afterglow reducers.
摘要翻译： 制备高密度氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体的方法包括冷压多组分粉末以形成粉末压块，然后烧结压块以形成透明至半透明的陶瓷闪烁体。 粉末压块通过模压或压模形成，然后进行等静压，以进一步提高生坯密度。 粉末压块在真空或还原气氛中在1800℃至2100℃的温度下烧结。优选的加热步骤包括在低于最终烧结温度的温度下的保持期。 完成的闪烁体包括Y2O3，Gd2O3和一种或多种Eu2O3，Nd2O3，Yb2O3，Pr2O3，Dy2O3和Tb2O3稀土活化剂氧化物。 完成的闪烁体还可以包括SrO和CaO中的至少一种作为余辉减少剂。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4831260A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-16
申请号：US106496
申请日：1987-10-09
申请人： Frank A. DiBianca
发明人： Frank A. DiBianca
摘要： A kinestatic charge detector includes a feedback control system for beam equalizing the radiation flux incident on patients of varying thickness. The control system can be an analog or digital type and controls the intensity of the radiation source or the opening of a collimator through which radiation is directed to the patient.
摘要翻译： 运动电荷检测器包括反馈控制系统，用于对入射到不同厚度患者的辐射通量进行平衡。 控制系统可以是模拟或数字类型，并且控制辐射源的强度或辐射被引导到患者的准直仪的打开。
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公开(公告)号：US4472829A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-18
申请号：US359237
申请日：1982-03-18
CPC分类号： H05G1/26
摘要： A radiographic phantom is comprised of only two materials, a non-iodinated material composing the base and an iodinated material disposed in a channel simulating a blood vessel, thus providing for a resultant signal attributable only to the iodinated material when a radiographic subtraction process is conducted to test an apparatus for contrast sensitivity. The phantom is fabricated by forming the base of a plastic material, forming a channel in the base, and then filling in the channel with the same kind of plastic material but with minute amounts of iodine suspended uniformly therein.
摘要翻译： 射线体模体仅由两种材料构成，构成碱的非碘化材料和设置在模拟血管的通道中的碘化材料，从而在进行放射线减影处理时提供仅归因于碘化物质的结果信号 以测试对比度敏感度的装置。 通过形成塑料材料的基底，在基底中形成通道，然后用相同种类的塑料材料填充通道，但是将微量的碘均匀地悬浮在其中，从而制造体模。
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公开(公告)号：US4421671A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-20
申请号：US389815
申请日：1982-06-18
IPC分类号： C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C09K11/00 , C09K11/78 , G01T1/202 , C09K11/477
CPC分类号： C04B35/6455 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C09K11/7787 , G01T1/2023
摘要： Rare-earth-doped, polycrystalline yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators with high density, optical clarity, uniformity, cubic structure and which are useful in the detection of X-rays, include one or more of the oxides of rare-earth elements Eu, Nd, Yb, Dy, Tb, and Pr as activators. The oxides of elements Zr, Th, and Ta are included as transparency-promoting densifying agents. Any decrease in scintillator light output, due to the addition of transparency promoting additives, may be partially restored by the addition of either calcium oxide (CaO) or strontium oxide (SrO). Sintering, sintering combined with gas hot isostatic pressing, and hot pressing methods for preparing the ceramic scintillators are also described.
摘要翻译： 具有高密度，光学透明度，均匀性，立方结构并且可用于X射线检测的稀土掺杂多晶氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体包括一种或多种稀土元素氧化物Eu，Nd ，Yb，Dy，Tb和Pr作为活化剂。 元素Zr，Th和Ta的氧化物被包括作为透明促进致密化剂。 通过添加氧化钙（CaO）或氧化锶（SrO），烧结，结合气体热等静压和烧结的烧结可以部分地恢复闪烁体光输出的任何减少，由于添加透明度促进添加剂 还描述了制备陶瓷闪烁体的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US06335957B1
公开(公告)日：2002-01-01
申请号：US09228870
申请日：1999-01-12
申请人： Frank A. DiBianca
发明人： Frank A. DiBianca
IPC分类号： G01N2300
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , A61B6/032 , A61B6/4241 , G01T1/1644 , G01T1/2018
摘要： This invention relates to an imaging system useful in medical and industrial x-ray imaging, including classical and digital radiography, and classical CT scanning. The imaging system of the present invention provides an increased spatial resolution over imaging systems of the prior art by angulating an x-ray detector or detector array with respect to a radiation source.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于医疗和工业X射线成像的成像系统，包括经典和数字射线照相术以及经典CT扫描。 本发明的成像系统通过使x射线检测器或检测器阵列相对于辐射源成角度地提供超过现有技术的成像系统的空间分辨率。
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9.发明授权Kinestatic charge detection using synchronous displacement of detecting device 失效使用同步位移检测装置进行电化学电荷检测
公开(公告)号：US4707608A
公开(公告)日：1987-11-17
申请号：US721727
申请日：1985-04-10
申请人： Frank A. DiBianca
发明人： Frank A. DiBianca
CPC分类号： G01T1/2935 , H01J47/02
摘要： A technique for detecting the spatial distribution of propagating energy induces secondary energy produced in a detector to drift in a predetermined direction at a predetermined velocity and synchronously moves the detector in a direction opposite to the direction of drift of the secondary energy at a velocity equal in magnitude to the magnitude of the velocity of drift of the secondary energy. Although the secondary energy is drifting with respect to the detector, the synchronous detector movement causes the secondary energy to appear stationary with respect to a source of radiation, resulting in "kinestatis" of the secondary energy. The secondary energy resulting from the radiation integrates along stationary paths in the detector (operated as a "kinestatic detector") and is subsequently detected when a collection volume of the detector sweeps through the stationary secondary energy. Signal integration can occur over long periods of time while resolution in the direction of movement of the detector is determined by the detector output sampling rate. A detector having n-by-l detecting elements can simulate the operation of an n-by-m element detector for use in digital radiography and computed tomography and other imaging and non-imaging sensing techniques. The detector may take the form of a xenon gas ionization chamber. Field distortion eliminating techniques are used to eliminate variations in charge carrier drift velocity in such an ionization chamber. Charge carrier mobility and drift velocity are adjusted to synchronize charge carrier movement with detector movement.
摘要翻译： 用于检测传播能量的空间分布的技术会引起在检测器中产生的二次能量，以预定的速度在预定方向上漂移，并以与第二能量的漂移方向相反的方向同步移动检测器，速度等于 大小与二次能量的漂移速度的大小。 虽然二次能量相对于检测器漂移，但是同步检测器运动导致二次能量相对于辐射源呈现静止，导致二次能量的“激励”。 由辐射产生的二次能量沿着检测器中的静止路径积分（作为“动态检测器”运行），随后在检测器的收集体积扫过固定次级能量时检测。 信号积分可以在长时间内发生，而检测器的移动方向上的分辨率由检测器输出采样率决定。 具有n×1个检测元件的检测器可以模拟用于数字射线照相术和计算机断层摄影以及其它成像和非成像感测技术的n×m个元件检测器的操作。 检测器可以采取氙气体电离室的形式。 使用场失真消除技术来消除这种电离室中电荷载流子漂移速度的变化。 电荷载流子迁移率和漂移速度被调整以使载流子运动与检测器运动同步。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4518545A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-21
申请号：US389829
申请日：1982-06-18
IPC分类号： C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , G01T1/202 , C04B35/50
CPC分类号： C04B35/6455 , C04B35/505 , C04B35/645 , C09K11/7787 , G01T1/2023 , Y10S264/91
摘要： A method for preparing high density yttria-gadolinia ceramic scintillators by cold-pressing multicomponent powder to form powder compacts and then sintering the compacts to form transparent-to-translucent ceramic scintillator bodies. The powder compacts are formed by either die pressing or die pressing followed by isostatic pressing to further increase green density. The powder compacts are sintered in vacuum or a reducing atmosphere at a temperatue of between 1800.degree. C. and 2100.degree. C. The preferred heating sequence includes a holding period at a temperature lower than the final sintering temperature. The finished scintillator includes Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, and one or more of Eu.sub.2 O.sub.3, Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3, Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3, Dy.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Tb.sub.2 O.sub.3 rare earth activator oxides. At least one of the oxides of elements Zr, Th, and Ta is included as a transparency promoting densifying agent. At least one of CaO and SrO may be included as a light output restorer.
摘要翻译： 一种通过冷压多组分粉末制备高密度氧化钇 - 氧化钆陶瓷闪烁体的方法，以形成粉末压块，然后烧结压块以形成透明至半透明的陶瓷闪烁体。 粉末压块通过模压或压模形成，然后进行等静压，以进一步提高生坯密度。 粉末压块在真空或还原气氛中在1800〜2100℃的温度下烧结。优选的加热步骤包括在低于最终烧结温度的温度下的保持时间。 完成的闪烁体包括Y2O3，Gd2O3和一种或多种Eu2O3，Nd2O3，Yb2O3，Dy2O3，Pr2O3和Tb2O3稀土活化剂氧化物。 元素Zr，Th和Ta的氧化物中的至少一种被包括作为透明促进致密化剂。 可以包括CaO和SrO中的至少一种作为光输出恢复器。
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