摘要:
A process for producing mixtures of mono-, di- and triethanol-amine by reacting ammonia and ethylene oxide in a cooled tubular reactor at temperatures from 110.degree. to 160.degree. C. and pressures from 50 to 120 bar comprises using ammonia and ethylene oxide in a molar ratio from 1:1 to 100:1 and ammonia in the form of a from 60 to 99.99% strength aqueous solution and adding from 1 to 80% of the ethylene oxide in from one to ten aliquots over from 10 to 70% of the total length of the tubular reactor.
摘要:
The invention relates to a vehicle with an air conditioner for heating inlet air flowing into a vehicle interior, the air conditioner including: a heater heat exchanger thermally coupled through a coolant cycle with a drive unit or similar; and a supplemental heat exchanger which is connected to a refrigerant cycle of the air conditioner and which transfers heat to the inlet air in heating mode, wherein the supplemental heat exchanger is configured with at least two rows including a first heat exchanger row and a second heat exchanger row in a refrigerant flow direction, wherein the first heat exchanger row and the second heat exchanger row are arranged in a refrigerant flow direction so that super cooling of a condensed refrigerant is provided in the second heat exchanger row and at least heat extraction of the refrigerant is provided in the first heat exchanger row.
摘要:
A vehicle includes an air conditioning system for conditioning intake air flowing into a vehicle interior. The air conditioning system has a primary heat exchanger in thermal communication with a drive unit via a coolant circuit, a compressor, and a secondary heat exchanger which is disposed jointly with the compressor in a refrigerant circuit. The secondary heat exchanger operates as a condenser in a heating mode of the air conditioning system and jointly with the primary heat exchanger gives off heat to the intake air. A control device controls operation of the refrigerant circuit in response to an input by a user. The control device includes an evaluation unit to carry out a comparison between a desired heat supply commensurate with the input by the user and a determined actual heat supply, and generates an output signal for operating the compressor in response to the comparison.
摘要:
The aim of the invention is to obviate the need for rubber hoses or other flexible rubber compensation elements, which prevent the transmission of vibrations to the vehicle body. To achieve this, the pipelines of an air conditioning system including their pipe couplings (42-45) are configured entirely of metal with an external diameter, in relation to the compressor, of less than 11 mm on the discharge side and less than 13 mm on the suction side. A damping curvature (35, 36) is also configured in the pipelines (6′, 12′) that connect the compressor to a heat exchanger, in addition to at least one curvature (37-40) required by the installation geometry of the conduit system. The system is also equipped with a pipeline, designed to restrict the flow of operating fluid, said pipeline being configured as a particularly thin pipe with an internal diameter of capillary-tube type proportions, designed to restrict the flow and an external diameter ranging between 2 and 4 mm.
摘要:
A description is given of a process for preparing methyl formate by reacting excess methanol with carbon monoxide under superatmospheric pressure and at elevated temperature in the presence of alkali metal methoxide or alkaline earth metal methoxide as catalyst in a pressure-rated reactor, in which the use of at least two reactor elements, preferably operated in countercurrent, at about 100° C. and a pressure of about 100 bar in combination with a solids-free desalting of the reaction product makes possible very economical, largely trouble-free production of methyl formate in any desired quality and with a very good production capacity.Furthermore, the process for solids-free desalting and apparatuses for carrying out this process are described.
摘要:
Process for separating triethanolamine continuously by distillation from a mixture of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine together with ethanolamine ethers and water obtained by reaction of ammonia with ethylene oxide in the liquid phase under superatmospheric pressure and at elevated temperature, in which the mixture is distilled in two stages. The low-boiling fraction and the high-boiling fraction are taken off and discharged in the first stage and the intermediate-boiling fraction comprising >99.4% by weight of triethanolamine and
摘要:
The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for the preparation of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid. This apparatus is constructed partly or entirely of substantially zirconium-free materials. The extractant employed is a liquid of the general formula I where the radicals R1 and R2 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, or R1 and R2 jointly, together with the N atom, form a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring, and only one of the radicals is an aryl group, and where R3 is hydrogen or a C1–C4-alkyl group. The apparatus has a synthesis reactor (6), a hydrolysis reactor (1), three distillation devices (2,4,5) and an extraction device (3).
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid, in which firstly aqueous formic acid is prepared by hydrolysis of methyl formate and is freed from water in the subsequent work-up. The process has the special feature that steam, which is employed for the hydrolysis of methyl formate and for heating a distillation column serving for work-up, is also used as stripping steam for waste-water stripping. The stripped waste water is produced during work-up.
摘要:
A parking system for automatically parking motor vehicles comprises at least two parking levels (P1, P2) disposed above each other which are served by lifting units (20-23). Each parking level includes parking rows (Z1-Z12) and parking columns (Ra-RK) perpendicular thereto, in which horizontal shifting of the automobiles (40) on pallets (41) is performed fully automatically under control by a computer. The parking rows (Z1-Z12) are arranged in parallel in x-direction and the parking columns (RA-RK) are arranged in y-direction transversely to the entrance zone (EZ) and to an exit zone (AZ). In the entrance row (Z3) and in the exit row (Z10) a lifting unit (29, 21) is respectively provided for each parking column (RA-RK). The pallets of all columns are movable at the parking level (P1) including the entrance zone (EZ) and the exit zone (AZ) in the direction (x) of all of the columns and in at least one row (Z9) in the direction (y) transversely thereto.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid, in which firstly aqueous formic acid is produced by hydrolysis of methyl formate, with the methanol content in the methyl formate having been reduced in advance. The process according to the invention has the special feature that—before the hydrolysis of the methyl formate—the methanol content of the methanol-containing methyl formate is reduced in a distillation column, this distillation column simultaneously being employed for other separation functions during work-up of the formic acid.