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    Reduction in scattering from a turbid medium by photo-bleaching
    3.
    发明授权
    Reduction in scattering from a turbid medium by photo-bleaching 有权
    通过光漂白减少浑浊介质的散射

    公开(公告)号：US07536213B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-05-19

    申请号：US11764123

    申请日：2007-06-15

    申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Jeff Bernhardt

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Jeff Bernhardt

    IPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/65

    CPC分类号： G01N21/65 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  G01N21/645

    摘要： A method is proposed whereby photo-bleaching is used not only to change the absorption and fluorescence of a sample but is also employed to change its scattering characteristics. When the compounds which are bleached are contained in regions wherein the real part of the index of refraction is greater than or equal to the average index of the medium, the bleaching will result in reduction in the scattering at wavelengths longer than the wavelength of the bleaching source. This reduction can be useful in measuring the concentration of analytes located at significant depths within turbid media.

    摘要翻译： 提出了一种方法，其中光漂白不仅用于改变样品的吸收和荧光，而且还用于改变其散射特性。 当漂白的化合物包含在折射率的实部大于或等于介质的平均指数的区域中时，漂白将导致波长比漂白波长长的波长的减少 资源。 这种减少可用于测量位于浑浊介质中显着深度的分析物的浓度。

    Reduction in Scattering from a Turbid Medium By Photo-Bleaching
    4.
    发明申请
    Reduction in Scattering from a Turbid Medium By Photo-Bleaching 有权
    通过照片漂白减少浊度介质的散射

    公开(公告)号：US20070291263A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-20

    申请号：US11764123

    申请日：2007-06-15

    申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Jeff Bernhardt

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Jeff Bernhardt

    IPC分类号： G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/30 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/65

    CPC分类号： G01N21/65 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  G01N21/645

    摘要： A method is proposed whereby photo-bleaching is used not only to change the absorption and fluorescence of a sample but is also employed to change its scattering characteristics. When the compounds which are bleached are contained in regions wherein the real part of the index of refraction is greater than or equal to the average index of the medium, the bleaching will result in reduction in the scattering at wavelengths longer than the wavelength of the bleaching source. This reduction can be useful in measuring the concentration of analytes located at significant depths within turbid media.

    摘要翻译： 提出了一种方法，其中光漂白不仅用于改变样品的吸收和荧光，而且还用于改变其散射特性。 当漂白的化合物包含在折射率的实部大于或等于介质的平均指数的区域中时，漂白将导致波长比漂白波长长的波长的减少 资源。 这种减少可用于测量位于浑浊介质中显着深度的分析物的浓度。

    Enhancing Selectivity and/or Sensitivity of Spectroscopic Measurements in Media
    5.
    发明申请
    Enhancing Selectivity and/or Sensitivity of Spectroscopic Measurements in Media 失效
    增强介质中光谱测量的选择性和/或灵敏度

    公开(公告)号：US20070285655A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-13

    申请号：US11740767

    申请日：2007-04-26

    申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Albert L. Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Albert L. Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara

    IPC分类号： G01J3/00

    CPC分类号： G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4747 ,  G01N2021/656 ,  G01N2201/124

    摘要： An apparatus for enhancing the selectivity for spectroscopic measurements of analytes in a turbid medium is described. In one example, spatial filters are used to select only certain radii from the medium to be imaged. This selection is accomplished by placing an optical obstruction on the surface of the medium or at an image plane of the surface later in the optical imaging system. In one implementation, this is achieved by placing a fiber bundle at an image plane of the collecting optical system and then using a spacer of appropriate size at the center of the fiber bundle to act as a central obstruction.

    摘要翻译： 描述了用于提高浑浊介质中分析物的光谱测量的选择性的装置。 在一个示例中，空间滤波器用于仅从要成像的介质中选择某些半径。 该选择通过在光学成像系统中稍后将光学障碍物放置在介质的表面或表面的像平面上来实现。 在一个实施方案中，这是通过将纤维束放置在收集光学系统的像平面上，然后在纤维束的中心使用适当尺寸的间隔件来充当中心障碍物来实现的。

    Apparatus for Stabilizing Mechanical, Thermal, and Optical Properties and for Reducing the Fluorescence of Biological Samples for Optical Evaluation
    6.
    发明申请
    Apparatus for Stabilizing Mechanical, Thermal, and Optical Properties and for Reducing the Fluorescence of Biological Samples for Optical Evaluation 有权
    用于稳定机械，热和光学性能并用于减少用于光学评估的生物样品的荧光的装置

    公开(公告)号：US20120320375A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-12-20

    申请号：US13160412

    申请日：2011-06-14

    申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Rudolf J. Hofmeister ,  Donald A. Ice ,  Janyce Lipson

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Rudolf J. Hofmeister ,  Donald A. Ice ,  Janyce Lipson

    IPC分类号： G01N21/01

    CPC分类号： G01N21/01

    摘要： An apparatus is presented for stabilizing an optical, thermal, and mechanical interface between a spectroscopic and/or imaging system and a biological sample. The apparatus includes a window retainer having a retainer surface and a well. The retainer surface surrounds the well. Further, the retainer surface is substantially planar. An optical window is located in the well. The optical window comprises a first and second surface. The second surface is in contact with the window retainer. The first surface is substantially flush with the retainer surface. The apparatus further includes an attachment mechanism coupling the window retainer to the biological sample such that a fluid, gel, adhesive or elastomer interposed between the optical window and the biological sample is trapped in the well.

    摘要翻译： 提出了用于稳定光谱和/或成像系统与生物样品之间的光学，热学和机械界面的装置。 该装置包括具有保持器表面和井的窗口保持器。 保持器表面围绕井。 此外，保持器表面基本上是平面的。 光学窗口位于井中。 光学窗口包括第一和第二表面。 第二表面与窗口保持器接触。 第一表面与保持器表面基本齐平。 该装置还包括将窗口保持器联接到生物样本的附接机构，使得插入光学窗口和生物样品之间的流体，凝胶，粘合剂或弹性体被捕获在孔中。

    Enhancing selectivity and/or sensitivity of spectroscopic measurements in media
    7.
    发明授权
    Enhancing selectivity and/or sensitivity of spectroscopic measurements in media 失效
    提高光谱测量在介质中的选择性和/或灵敏度

    公开(公告)号：US07742166B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-06-22

    申请号：US11740767

    申请日：2007-04-26

    申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Albert L. Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Albert L. Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara

    IPC分类号： G01J3/00

    CPC分类号： G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4747 ,  G01N2021/656 ,  G01N2201/124

    摘要： An apparatus for enhancing the selectivity for spectroscopic measurements of analytes in a turbid medium is described. In one example, spatial filters are used to select only certain radii from the medium to be imaged. This selection is accomplished by placing an optical obstruction on the surface of the medium or at an image plane of the surface later in the optical imaging system. In one implementation, this is achieved by placing a fiber bundle at an image plane of the collecting optical system and then using a spacer of appropriate size at the center of the fiber bundle to act as a central obstruction.

    摘要翻译： 描述了用于提高浑浊介质中分析物的光谱测量的选择性的装置。 在一个示例中，空间滤波器用于仅从要成像的介质中选择某些半径。 该选择通过在光学成像系统中稍后将光学障碍物放置在介质的表面或表面的像平面上来实现。 在一个实施方案中，这是通过将纤维束放置在收集光学系统的像平面上，然后在纤维束的中心使用适当尺寸的间隔件来充当中心障碍物来实现的。

    Apparatus for combining broadband and baseband signal transmissions
    8.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for combining broadband and baseband signal transmissions 失效
    用于组合宽带和基带信号传输的装置

    公开(公告)号：US5255267A

    公开(公告)日：1993-10-19

    申请号：US848570

    申请日：1992-03-09

    申请人： David E. Hansen ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Chinh Q. Phan ,  Michael J. Serrone

    发明人： David E. Hansen ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Chinh Q. Phan ,  Michael J. Serrone

    IPC分类号： H04B3/54 ,  H04L12/40 ,  H04L12/66 ,  H04J1/08 ,  H04J1/10

    CPC分类号： H04L12/66 ,  Y10S370/908

    摘要： Apparatus for combining broadband RF signals and baseband signals in a baseband distribution cable includes a bridge for coupling the distribution cable to an RF broadband trunk and to a baseband repeater. The trunk is connected through bidirectional amplifier, an impedance transformer, and a signal splitter for applying the amplified and impedance transformed broadband signal to a plurality of baseband segments. The RF signal from the splitter is passed through a 35 MHz high pass filter to the baseband segment. Baseband signals from a repeater are passed through a 25 MHz low pass filter to the baseband segment. The two filters prevent interference between the baseband and broadband signals. A tap in the distribution cable for accessing the broadband and baseband signals includes first and second low pass filters and a directional coupler serially connected between two cable terminals with a high pass filter connected in parallel with a first and second low pass filters whereby broadband signals can pass around the low pass filters. A third low pass filter connects an MAU port to the first and second low pass filters whereby baseband signals can be transmitted in either direction on the distribution cable without injecting noise in the broadband signal.

    Ethernet extender
    9.
    发明授权
    Ethernet extender 失效
    以太网扩展器

    公开(公告)号：US5436902A

    公开(公告)日：1995-07-25

    申请号：US223209

    申请日：1994-04-05

    申请人： Robert P. McNamara ,  Amar Amar

    发明人： Robert P. McNamara ,  Amar Amar

    IPC分类号： H04L12/46 ,  H04L12/66

    CPC分类号： H04L12/4604

    摘要： A telecommunication bridge system uses synchronized arbitration in a portion of a frame of a Radio Frequency (RF) subsystem and is transparent to Ethernet layer protocols and Ethernet-type packets in order to increase bandwidth utilization and effectively extend Ethernet networks to metropolitan-area-wide application. The telecommunication bridge system comprises an enhanced Ethernet network interface subsystem coupled to a conventional Ethernet medium and a control subsystem including an RF modem, in turn coupled to a frame synchronized RF medium in a metropolitan-sized network. On one side the control subsystem emulates all Ethernet layer protocols and on the other side conducts a prioritized arbitration scheme during only a portion of a time division multiplexed frame, the remainder of the frame for carrying a payload of unmodified packets to other bridges. Included in the controller subsystem is a two-way Manchester/NRZ Code converter, its own intelligence and packet buffering using a microprocessor and random access memory.

    摘要翻译： 电信桥系统在射频（RF）子系统的帧的一部分中使用同步仲裁，并且对以太网层协议和以太网类型分组是透明的，以便增加带宽利用率，并有效地将以太网网络扩展到大都市区域 应用。 电信桥系统包括耦合到常规以太网介质的增强型以太网网络接口子系统和包括RF调制解调器的控制子系统，其又耦合到大都市网络中的帧同步RF介质。 一方面，控制子系统模拟所有以太网层协议，另一方面在仅在时分多路复用帧的一部分期间执行优先级仲裁方案，用于将未修改分组的有效载荷携带到其他网桥的剩余帧。 控制器子系统中包含一个双向曼彻斯特/ NRZ代码转换器，其自身的智能和数据包缓冲使用微处理器和随机存取存储器。

    Spectrally efficient broadband transmission system
    10.
    发明授权
    Spectrally efficient broadband transmission system 失效
    光谱高效的宽带传输系统

    公开(公告)号：US5272700A

    公开(公告)日：1993-12-21

    申请号：US778031

    申请日：1991-10-17

    申请人： David E. Hansen ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  James C. Long ,  Michael J. Serrone ,  Chinh Q. Phan ,  Long K. Tran

    发明人： David E. Hansen ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  James C. Long ,  Michael J. Serrone ,  Chinh Q. Phan ,  Long K. Tran

    IPC分类号： H04L29/10 ,  H04L12/28 ,  H04L12/413 ,  H04L27/00 ,  H04J3/02

    CPC分类号： H04L27/00 ,  H04L12/2801 ,  H04L12/413

    摘要： A baseband signal is spectrally efficiently transmitted on a broadband transmission medium by inserting gaps in packets of digital data transmitted in a modulated first radio frequency carrier. The transmitted packets of data are received by demodulating the modulated first radio frequency carrier, and the gap is monitored for the presence of digital data thus indicating a collision of simultaneously transmitted packets of digital data. A seed of arbitrary digital bits are used in scrambling each packet of digital data and is transmitted with the packet of data for use in descrambling the data. In retransmitting the packet of data the seed is included. The originally transmitting node receives the retransmitted packet and compares the retransmitted seed with the originally transmitted seed for detecting an error in retransmission.

    摘要翻译： 通过在调制的第一射频载波中发送的数字数据的分组中插入间隙，在宽带传输介质上频谱地高效率地发送基带信号。 通过解调经调制的第一射频载波来接收所发送的数据分组，并监视间隙以存在数字数据，从而指示同时发送的数字数据分组的冲突。 任意数字位的种子用于对数字数据的每个数据包进行加扰，并与用于解扰数据的数据分组一起发送。 在重新发送数据包时，包含种子。 原始发送节点接收重传的分组，并将重传的种子与原始发送的种子进行比较，以检测重传中的错误。