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    Reduction in Scattering from a Turbid Medium By Photo-Bleaching
    1.
    发明申请
    Reduction in Scattering from a Turbid Medium By Photo-Bleaching 有权
    通过照片漂白减少浊度介质的散射

    公开(公告)号：US20070291263A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-20

    申请号：US11764123

    申请日：2007-06-15

    申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Jeff Bernhardt

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Jeff Bernhardt

    IPC分类号： G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/30 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/65

    CPC分类号： G01N21/65 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  G01N21/645

    摘要： A method is proposed whereby photo-bleaching is used not only to change the absorption and fluorescence of a sample but is also employed to change its scattering characteristics. When the compounds which are bleached are contained in regions wherein the real part of the index of refraction is greater than or equal to the average index of the medium, the bleaching will result in reduction in the scattering at wavelengths longer than the wavelength of the bleaching source. This reduction can be useful in measuring the concentration of analytes located at significant depths within turbid media.

    摘要翻译： 提出了一种方法，其中光漂白不仅用于改变样品的吸收和荧光，而且还用于改变其散射特性。 当漂白的化合物包含在折射率的实部大于或等于介质的平均指数的区域中时，漂白将导致波长比漂白波长长的波长的减少 资源。 这种减少可用于测量位于浑浊介质中显着深度的分析物的浓度。

    Reduction in scattering from a turbid medium by photo-bleaching
    2.
    发明授权
    Reduction in scattering from a turbid medium by photo-bleaching 有权
    通过光漂白减少浑浊介质的散射

    公开(公告)号：US07536213B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-05-19

    申请号：US11764123

    申请日：2007-06-15

    申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Jeff Bernhardt

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Jeff Bernhardt

    IPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/65

    CPC分类号： G01N21/65 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  G01N21/645

    摘要： A method is proposed whereby photo-bleaching is used not only to change the absorption and fluorescence of a sample but is also employed to change its scattering characteristics. When the compounds which are bleached are contained in regions wherein the real part of the index of refraction is greater than or equal to the average index of the medium, the bleaching will result in reduction in the scattering at wavelengths longer than the wavelength of the bleaching source. This reduction can be useful in measuring the concentration of analytes located at significant depths within turbid media.

    摘要翻译： 提出了一种方法，其中光漂白不仅用于改变样品的吸收和荧光，而且还用于改变其散射特性。 当漂白的化合物包含在折射率的实部大于或等于介质的平均指数的区域中时，漂白将导致波长比漂白波长长的波长的减少 资源。 这种减少可用于测量位于浑浊介质中显着深度的分析物的浓度。

    Apparatus for Stabilizing Mechanical, Thermal, and Optical Properties and for Reducing the Fluorescence of Biological Samples for Optical Evaluation
    5.
    发明申请
    Apparatus for Stabilizing Mechanical, Thermal, and Optical Properties and for Reducing the Fluorescence of Biological Samples for Optical Evaluation 有权
    用于稳定机械，热和光学性能并用于减少用于光学评估的生物样品的荧光的装置

    公开(公告)号：US20120320375A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-12-20

    申请号：US13160412

    申请日：2011-06-14

    申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Rudolf J. Hofmeister ,  Donald A. Ice ,  Janyce Lipson

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Rudolf J. Hofmeister ,  Donald A. Ice ,  Janyce Lipson

    IPC分类号： G01N21/01

    CPC分类号： G01N21/01

    摘要： An apparatus is presented for stabilizing an optical, thermal, and mechanical interface between a spectroscopic and/or imaging system and a biological sample. The apparatus includes a window retainer having a retainer surface and a well. The retainer surface surrounds the well. Further, the retainer surface is substantially planar. An optical window is located in the well. The optical window comprises a first and second surface. The second surface is in contact with the window retainer. The first surface is substantially flush with the retainer surface. The apparatus further includes an attachment mechanism coupling the window retainer to the biological sample such that a fluid, gel, adhesive or elastomer interposed between the optical window and the biological sample is trapped in the well.

    摘要翻译： 提出了用于稳定光谱和/或成像系统与生物样品之间的光学，热学和机械界面的装置。 该装置包括具有保持器表面和井的窗口保持器。 保持器表面围绕井。 此外，保持器表面基本上是平面的。 光学窗口位于井中。 光学窗口包括第一和第二表面。 第二表面与窗口保持器接触。 第一表面与保持器表面基本齐平。 该装置还包括将窗口保持器联接到生物样本的附接机构，使得插入光学窗口和生物样品之间的流体，凝胶，粘合剂或弹性体被捕获在孔中。

    Enhancing selectivity and/or sensitivity of spectroscopic measurements in media
    6.
    发明授权
    Enhancing selectivity and/or sensitivity of spectroscopic measurements in media 失效
    提高光谱测量在介质中的选择性和/或灵敏度

    公开(公告)号：US07742166B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-06-22

    申请号：US11740767

    申请日：2007-04-26

    申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Albert L. Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Albert L. Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara

    IPC分类号： G01J3/00

    CPC分类号： G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4747 ,  G01N2021/656 ,  G01N2201/124

    摘要： An apparatus for enhancing the selectivity for spectroscopic measurements of analytes in a turbid medium is described. In one example, spatial filters are used to select only certain radii from the medium to be imaged. This selection is accomplished by placing an optical obstruction on the surface of the medium or at an image plane of the surface later in the optical imaging system. In one implementation, this is achieved by placing a fiber bundle at an image plane of the collecting optical system and then using a spacer of appropriate size at the center of the fiber bundle to act as a central obstruction.

    摘要翻译： 描述了用于提高浑浊介质中分析物的光谱测量的选择性的装置。 在一个示例中，空间滤波器用于仅从要成像的介质中选择某些半径。 该选择通过在光学成像系统中稍后将光学障碍物放置在介质的表面或表面的像平面上来实现。 在一个实施方案中，这是通过将纤维束放置在收集光学系统的像平面上，然后在纤维束的中心使用适当尺寸的间隔件来充当中心障碍物来实现的。

    Enhancing Selectivity and/or Sensitivity of Spectroscopic Measurements in Media
    7.
    发明申请
    Enhancing Selectivity and/or Sensitivity of Spectroscopic Measurements in Media 失效
    增强介质中光谱测量的选择性和/或灵敏度

    公开(公告)号：US20070285655A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-13

    申请号：US11740767

    申请日：2007-04-26

    申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Albert L. Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Albert L. Lipson ,  Robert P. McNamara

    IPC分类号： G01J3/00

    CPC分类号： G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4747 ,  G01N2021/656 ,  G01N2201/124

    摘要： An apparatus for enhancing the selectivity for spectroscopic measurements of analytes in a turbid medium is described. In one example, spatial filters are used to select only certain radii from the medium to be imaged. This selection is accomplished by placing an optical obstruction on the surface of the medium or at an image plane of the surface later in the optical imaging system. In one implementation, this is achieved by placing a fiber bundle at an image plane of the collecting optical system and then using a spacer of appropriate size at the center of the fiber bundle to act as a central obstruction.

    摘要翻译： 描述了用于提高浑浊介质中分析物的光谱测量的选择性的装置。 在一个示例中，空间滤波器用于仅从要成像的介质中选择某些半径。 该选择通过在光学成像系统中稍后将光学障碍物放置在介质的表面或表面的像平面上来实现。 在一个实施方案中，这是通过将纤维束放置在收集光学系统的像平面上，然后在纤维束的中心使用适当尺寸的间隔件来充当中心障碍物来实现的。

    Apparatus for stabilizing mechanical, thermal, and optical properties and for reducing the fluorescence of biological samples for optical evaluation
    8.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for stabilizing mechanical, thermal, and optical properties and for reducing the fluorescence of biological samples for optical evaluation 有权
    用于稳定机械，热和光学性质并用于降低生物样品的荧光以进行光学评估的装置

    公开(公告)号：US08411265B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-04-02

    申请号：US13160412

    申请日：2011-06-14

    申请人： Jeffrey M. Bernhardt ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Rudolf J. Hofmeister ,  Donald A. Ice ,  Janyce Lipson

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Jeffrey M. Bernhardt ,  Robert P. McNamara ,  Rudolf J. Hofmeister ,  Donald A. Ice

    IPC分类号： G01N21/01 ,  G01N1/10

    CPC分类号： G01N21/01

    摘要： An apparatus is presented for stabilizing an optical, thermal, and mechanical interface between a spectroscopic and/or imaging system and a biological sample. The apparatus includes a window retainer having a retainer surface and a well. The retainer surface surrounds the well. Further, the retainer surface is substantially planar. An optical window is located in the well. The optical window comprises a first and second surface. The second surface is in contact with the window retainer. The first surface is substantially flush with the retainer surface. The apparatus further includes an attachment mechanism coupling the window retainer to the biological sample such that a fluid, gel, adhesive or elastomer interposed between the optical window and the biological sample is trapped in the well.

    摘要翻译： 提出了用于稳定光谱和/或成像系统与生物样品之间的光学，热学和机械界面的装置。 该装置包括具有保持器表面和井的窗口保持器。 保持器表面围绕井。 此外，保持器表面基本上是平面的。 光学窗口位于井中。 光学窗口包括第一和第二表面。 第二表面与窗口保持器接触。 第一表面与保持器表面基本齐平。 该装置还包括将窗口保持器联接到生物样本的附接机构，使得插入光学窗口和生物样品之间的流体，凝胶，粘合剂或弹性体被捕获在孔中。

    Single mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser using photonic crystals with a central defect
    9.
    发明授权
    Single mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser using photonic crystals with a central defect 有权
    使用具有中心缺陷的光子晶体的单模垂直腔表面发射激光器

    公开(公告)号：US07668220B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-02-23

    申请号：US12423791

    申请日：2009-04-14

    申请人： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas Lenosky ,  Hongyu Deng

    发明人： Jan Lipson ,  Thomas Lenosky ,  Hongyu Deng

    IPC分类号： H01S5/00

    CPC分类号： H01S5/18319 ,  H01S5/105 ,  H01S5/18327 ,  H01S2301/166

    摘要： Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers are disclosed, one example of which includes a substrate upon which a lower mirror layer is formed. An active region and upper mirror layer are disposed, in that order, on the lower mirror layer. In particular, the upper mirror layer includes a plurality of DBR layers formed on the active region. The upper mirror layer additionally includes a photonic crystal formed on the plurality of DBR layers and having a periodic structure that contributes to the definition of a central defect. As a consequence of this structure, the photonic crystal has a reflectivity that is wavelength dependent, and the central defect enables the VCSEL to propagate a single mode.

    摘要翻译： 公开了垂直空腔表面发射激光器，其一个示例包括其上形成有下镜面层的基板。 有源区和上镜层依次设置在下镜层上。 具体而言，上镜层包括在活性区域上形成的多个DBR层。 上镜层另外包括形成在多个DBR层上并具有有助于定义中心缺陷的周期性结构的光子晶体。 作为这种结构的结果，光子晶体具有波长依赖性的反射率，并且中心缺陷使VCSEL能够传播单个模式。

    System and method for reducing interference in an optical data stream using multiple, selectable equalizers
    10.
    发明授权
    System and method for reducing interference in an optical data stream using multiple, selectable equalizers 失效
    使用多个可选均衡器来减少光数据流中的干扰的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07546042B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-06-09

    申请号：US10449304

    申请日：2003-05-29

    申请人： Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jan Lipson ,  Giorgio Giaretta

    发明人： Thomas J. Lenosky ,  Jan Lipson ,  Giorgio Giaretta

    IPC分类号： H04B10/06

    CPC分类号： H04B10/66 ,  H04B10/25133 ,  H04B10/6971

    摘要： A method of reducing interference in a data stream includes filtering the data stream using a first equalizer to output a first filtered data stream. Also, the data stream is filtered using a second equalizer to create a second filtered data stream. Then, one or more error rates based on the first filtered data stream and the second filtered data stream are determined. Based at least in part on those error rates, a filtered data stream is selected from among the first filtered data stream and the second filtered data stream. A threshold value is determined, and then compared against the selected filtered data stream to generate a data bit.

    摘要翻译： 一种减少数据流中的干扰的方法包括：使用第一均衡器对数据流进行滤波，以输出第一滤波数据流。 而且，使用第二均衡器对数据流进行滤波以产生第二滤波数据流。 然后，确定基于第一滤波数据流和第二滤波数据流的一个或多个错误率。 至少部分地基于这些错误率，从第一滤波数据流和第二滤波数据流中选择滤波后的数据流。 确定阈值，然后与所选择的滤波数据流进行比较以产生数据比特。