Abstract:
The present invention relates to a magnetic memory device which additionally comprises a free magnetic layer constituting a horizontal direction variable magnetization layer having a fixed saturation magnetization value, whereby a switching current is markedly reduced as compared with conventional magnetic layers such that a high degree of integration of the device can be achieved and it is possible to lower a critical current density necessary for magnetization reversal thereby reducing the power consumption of the device. Also, a stray field effect occurring from a fixed magnetic layer is reduced such that a written magnetization data is thermally stable.
Abstract:
A display substrate includes a gate line, a data line, a thin film transistor, a pixel electrode, and a light blocking layer. The data line is insulated from the gate line and crosses the gate line. The thin film transistor is connected to the gate line and the data line. The thin film transistor is formed in a pixel. The pixel electrode is formed in the pixel and connected to the thin film transistor. The light blocking layer is formed from a same layer as the data line, wherein the light blocking layer is adjacent to a side of the data line.
Abstract:
A metal-containing pattern structure is formed on a semiconductor substrate, and a cleaning composition is applied to the semiconductor substrate. The cleaning composition includes, based on a total weight of the cleaning composition, about 78 wt % to about 99.98 wt % of an acidic aqueous solution, about 0.01 wt % to about 11 wt % of a first chelating agent, and about 0.01 wt % to about 11 wt % of a second chelating agent. The metal-containing pattern structure includes an exposed first surface portion and a second surface portion covered with a polymer. Application of the cleaning solution forms a first corrosion-inhibition layer on the first surface portion of the metal-containing pattern structure, and removes the polymer from the second surface portion of the metal-containing pattern structure.
Abstract:
An strain measuring apparatus for analyzing the stability of a steel structure and a method thereof employs a controller for receiving a variation difference amount from the strain gauge input unit measured using a strain gauge between a strain degree obtained by applying a weight to a steel structure and a strain degree obtained by applying a weight to a steel structure having a hole formed at a predetermined portion and measuring a strain existing in the steel structure based on the variation amount using particular equations. A control command input unit inputs an initialization command for initialing the existing strain measuring apparatus, a radius of the hole formed in the steel structure, a distance between the center of the hole and the center of the strain gauge attached to the steel structurc and an external operating signal including a proceeding command which represents a testing procedure into the controller. A display unit displays the operating procedure of the controller and the existing strain measured, whereby it is possible to measure an existing strain of the steel member at a construction site in which a steel member is provided.