摘要:
A method for carrying out analyses of a gas comprising one or more species Si, Sj, . . . , Sn by using of ion mobility spectrometry includes in carrying out two subsequent analyses in different conditions and comparing the results of these two analyses. The different conditions in the two analyses are such as to modify either the residence time of the ions corresponding to the species in the reaction zone or in the drift zone of the ion mobility spectrometer, or, selectively, the concentration of at least one of these ions.
摘要:
A method for carrying out analyses of a gas comprising one or more species Si, Sj, . . . , Sn by using of ion mobility spectrometry includes in carrying out two subsequent analyses in different conditions and comparing the results of these two analyses. The different conditions in the two analyses are such as to modify either the residence time of the ions corresponding to the species in the reaction zone or in the drift zone of the ion mobility spectrometer, or, selectively, the concentration of at least one of these ions.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for carrying out analyses of a gas comprising one or more species by using an ion mobility spectrometer which includes a plurality of electrodes arranged in a chamber divided by an electrifiable grid into a reaction zone provided with an inlet for the gas to be analyzed and a drift zone provided with at least one ion detector. The electrodes generate at least one electric field non-uniform in space along the longitudinal axis of the chamber.
摘要:
A method is provided for measuring by ionization mobility spectrometry (IMS) relatively high concentrations of water in argon, hydrogen, nitrogen and/or helium, including the following steps: (a) introducing the gas to be analyzed into an IMS instrument with a counter-flow of pure gas; (b) obtaining a signal variable over time and proportional to the number of ions detected by an ion detector of the IMS instrument; (c) determining two time intervals (A, B) corresponding to the drift times in the IMS instrument of the H3O+ and (H2O)2+ ions; (d) obtaining the peaks of the signal in the two determined time intervals (A, B); and (e) calculating the water concentration in the gas to be analyzed according to the ratio between the intensity of the two peaks obtained in the signal.
摘要:
A method for carrying out nitrogen analysis by ionization mobility spectroscopy at concentrations of few parts per billion (ppb) in argon is described. The method involves the addition of hydrogen in concentration of at least 5 ppb and lower than 100 parts per million (ppm) to the argon to be analyzed; the hydrogen addition step may be preceded by a purification operation of the argon flow to reduce the total concentration of impurities other than nitrogen to under 1 ppb.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for carrying out analyses of a gas comprising one or more species by using an ion mobility spectrometer which includes a plurality of electrodes arranged in a chamber divided by an electrifiable grid into a reaction zone provided with an inlet for the gas to be analyzed and a drift zone provided with at least one ion detector. The electrodes generate at least one electric field non-uniform in space along the longitudinal axis of the chamber.
摘要:
A method for the quantitative analysis of the impurities content in nitrogen, hydrogen or oxygen by means of ion mobility spectrometry is described. The method involves using pure argon or a mixture, having no impurities, containing argon and the gas to be analyzed, as a counterflow gas in the separation zone of the ion mobility spectrometer.
摘要:
A fumes treatment system is provided for exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, for example. The system includes a housing inside which a series of elements are provided for intercepting the flow of fumes. The elements are such that they do not completely take up the internal cross-section of the housing and are provided with or leave such discontinuities as to create a tortuous path for the fumes to be treated.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a DSC type solar cell comprising a pair of electrodes serving as anode and cathode, respectively, between which an electrolytic solution is arranged, wherein the anode comprises a supporting member on which a metal oxide layer comprising powders of titanium dioxide and nanozeolites is arranged. The average diameter of the powders of titanium dioxide is comprised between 3 and 30 nm and the average diameter of at least the ten percent of the added powders of nanozeolites is comprised between 200 and 400 nm. Thanks to this particular configuration of the anode, the DSC cell of the invention allows to improve the conversion efficiency of the light into electric energy.
摘要:
An ion mobility spectrometer is disclosed wherein the ionization element is a corona discharge source (300) consisting of: a first chamber (308) provided with an inlet (309) for a gas to be analyzed and with at least one first opening (311) for communication between the internal space of the first chamber and the reaction zone of the spectrometer; a second chamber (303), contained in the first chamber, provided with an inlet (306) for an ultra-pure gas or a mixture of ultra-pure gases, and with at least one second communication opening (310, 310′) between the first and the second chamber; a pair of electrodes (304, 302′), at least one of which (304) is needle-shaped, arranged in the second chamber, with the pair of electrodes and the second opening arranged in such geometrical relationships that there is no optical path between the zone of the corona discharge and the ion detector of the IMS instrument. The instrument of the invention allows to reproduce the results of a spectrometer equipped with a 63Ni ionization source, while avoiding the problems connected to the transportation and use of radioactive material.