公开(公告)号：US08879909B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-04

申请号：US13455937

申请日：2012-04-25

申请人： Mark Heimbuch ,  Mohammad Azadeh

发明人： Mark Heimbuch ,  Mohammad Azadeh

IPC分类号： H04B10/08

CPC分类号： H04B10/40 ,  H04B10/0799

摘要： A circuit, optical transceiver and/or methods for using the same may be useful for determining average power, extinction ratio, and/or modulation amplitude when monitoring an optical transceiver and/or optical network. The circuit generally comprises a photodiode configured to generate a first current responsive to an optical signal, a current mirror coupled to a first terminal of the photodiode, and a detector coupled to a second terminal of the photodiode. The current mirror is configured to produce a second current equal to or proportional to the first current, and the detector is configured to determine a power or amplitude of the optical signal. Further, the present scheme may communicate information using a low speed signal superimposed on or combined with the relatively high speed optical signal.

摘要翻译： 用于在监视光收发器和/或光网络时确定平均功率，消光比和/或调制幅度的电路，光收发器和/或其使用方法可能是有用的。 电路通常包括被配置为产生响应于光信号的第一电流的光电二极管，耦合到光电二极管的第一端的电流镜，以及耦合到光电二极管的第二端的检测器。 电流镜被配置为产生等于或与第一电流成比例的第二电流，并且检测器被配置为确定光信号的功率或幅度。 此外，本方案可以使用叠加在相对高速光信号上或与其组合的低速信号来传送信息。

公开(公告)号：US08670473B2

公开(公告)日：2014-03-11

申请号：US13341675

申请日：2011-12-30

申请人： Mohammad Azadeh ,  Todd Rope ,  Mark Heimbuch

发明人： Mohammad Azadeh ,  Todd Rope ,  Mark Heimbuch

IPC分类号： H01S5/042 ,  H01S5/068

CPC分类号： H01S5/0427 ,  H01S5/06812 ,  H01S5/06825 ,  H01S5/06832

摘要： The present disclosure relates to an optical power monitoring circuit including an automatic power control (APC) loop and a microcontroller unit (MCU), and a method for monitoring the same. The APC loop comprises a laser diode (LD) and a feedback loop to maintain a laser optical power. The MCU is configured to (i) monitor a bias current using a current sense circuit, (ii) monitor a rate of change of the bias current with time, and (iii) adjust a target power of the APC loop. By monitoring the bias current and the rate of change, and comparing them against thresholds, the target power can be adjusted by the MCU, to prevent roll-over in the laser diode, damage to the laser, and/or a hard failure in the data links that use the laser.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种包括自动功率控制（APC）回路和微控制器单元（MCU）的光功率监控电路及其监视方法。 APC环路包括激光二极管（LD）和反馈回路以保持激光光功率。 MCU被配置为（i）使用电流检测电路监视偏置电流，（ii）监视偏置电流随时间的变化率，以及（iii）调整APC回路的目标功率。 通过监测偏置电流和变化率，并将其与阈值进行比较，可以通过MCU调整目标功率，以防止激光二极管中的翻转，激光损坏和/或激光器中的硬故障 使用激光的数据链接。

公开(公告)号：US20080247430A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-09

申请号：US12009450

申请日：2008-01-18

申请人： Shengzhong Zhang ,  Near Margalit ,  Mohammad Azadeh

发明人： Shengzhong Zhang ,  Near Margalit ,  Mohammad Azadeh

IPC分类号： H01S3/04

CPC分类号： H01S5/0612 ,  H01S5/06804 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/1221 ,  H01S5/4025

摘要： In a coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) optical transmission system, a distributed feedback (DFB) laser is tuned so that the peak reflection of the grating overlaps with the gain range of the DFB laser. The diffraction grating is tuned so that the peak is positioned on the long wavelength end of the gain spectrum at a selected temperature. The optical transmission system operates in an environment having a wide temperature range (i.e., about −40° C. to about 85° C.). Heat is applied to the laser and as the laser temperature increases, the gain range overtakes the grating peak. When the gain range and the grating peak overlap at increased laser temperature, laser output is improved.

摘要翻译： 在粗波分复用（CWDM）光传输系统中，分布式反馈（DFB）激光器被调谐，使得光栅的峰值反射与DFB激光器的增益范围重叠。 调整衍射光栅，使得峰位于选定温度下的增益谱的长波长端。 光传输系统在宽温度范围（即约-40℃至约85℃）的环境中工作。 对激光施加热量，随着激光温度的升高，增益范围超过光栅峰值。 当增益范围和光栅峰值在增加的激光温度下重叠时，激光输出得到改善。

公开(公告)号：US08886033B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-11

申请号：US13427691

申请日：2012-03-22

申请人： Mohammad Azadeh

发明人： Mohammad Azadeh

IPC分类号： H04B10/08

CPC分类号： H04B10/075 ,  H04B10/40

摘要： An optical transceiver and methods for using the same are disclosed. The optical transceiver and methods may be useful for providing more accurate information regarding trends in operation of the optical transceiver, predicting an impending failure of the optical transceiver, and providing details of the optical transceiver prior to failure. The optical transceiver generally includes (1) at least one of (i) a receiver configured to receive optical information and (ii) a transmitter configured to transmit optical information, (2) circuitry configured to sample data for one or more operational parameters of the receiver and/or transmitter, (3) logic configured to perform one or more statistical calculations on the sampled data to generate statistical information, and (iv) one or more memories configured to store the sampled data and the statistical information.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种光收发器及其使用方法。 光收发器和方法可用于提供关于光收发器的操作趋势的更准确的信息，预测光收发器的即将发生的故障，以及在故障之前提供光收发器的细节。 光收发器通常包括（1）（i）被配置为接收光信息的接收机和（ii）被配置为传送光信息的发射机中的至少一个，（2）被配置为对数据的一个或多个操作参数采样数据的电路 接收器和/或发射器，（3）被配置为对采样数据执行一个或多个统计计算以产生统计信息的逻辑，以及（iv）被配置为存储采样数据和统计信息的一个或多个存储器。

公开(公告)号：US20110211603A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-01

申请号：US13065686

申请日：2011-03-28

申请人： Shengzhong Zhang ,  Near Margalit ,  Mohammad Azadeh

发明人： Shengzhong Zhang ,  Near Margalit ,  Mohammad Azadeh

IPC分类号： H01S3/04

CPC分类号： H01S5/0612 ,  H01S5/06804 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/1221 ,  H01S5/4025

摘要： In a coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) optical transmission system, a distributed feedback (DFB) laser is tuned so that the peak reflection of the grating overlaps with the gain range of the DFB laser. The diffraction grating is tuned so that the peak is positioned on the long wavelength end of the gain spectrum at a selected temperature. The optical transmission system operates in an environment having a wide temperature range (i.e., about −40° C. to about 85° C.). Heat is applied to the laser and as the laser temperature increases, the gain range overtakes the grating peak. When the gain range and the grating peak overlap at increased laser temperature, laser output is improved.

摘要翻译： 在粗波分复用（CWDM）光传输系统中，分布式反馈（DFB）激光器被调谐，使得光栅的峰值反射与DFB激光器的增益范围重叠。 调整衍射光栅，使得峰位于选定温度下的增益谱的长波长端。 光传输系统在宽温度范围（即约-40℃至约85℃）的环境中工作。 对激光施加热量，随着激光温度的升高，增益范围超过光栅峰值。 当增益范围和光栅峰值在增加的激光温度下重叠时，激光输出得到改善。

公开(公告)号：US08891686B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-18

申请号：US13282372

申请日：2011-10-26

申请人： Mohammad Azadeh ,  Near Margalit

发明人： Mohammad Azadeh ,  Near Margalit

IPC分类号： H04L25/06 ,  H04B10/69

CPC分类号： H04B10/695

摘要： Methods for detecting and/or indicating the presence of valid data and threshold setting and data detection circuitry are disclosed. The threshold setting and data detection circuitry and related methods may be useful for fast and accurate reception of optical signals. The detection circuit generally comprises (i) a first circuit configured to regulate or control a DC offset of a differential input signal, and (ii) a second circuit coupled to the first circuit, the second circuit configured to indicate the presence of a data signal at the differential input signal when a voltage difference between true and complementary nodes of the differential input signal is above a predetermined threshold.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于检测和/或指示有效数据和阈值设置和数据检测电路的存在的方法。 阈值设置和数据检测电路及相关方法可用于快速准确地接收光信号。 检测电路通常包括（i）被配置为调节或控制差分输入信号的DC偏移的第一电路，以及（ii）耦合到第一电路的第二电路，第二电路被配置为指示存在数据信号 当差分输入信号的真实和互补节点之间的电压差高于预定阈值时，在差分输入信号处。

公开(公告)号：US08989598B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-24

申请号：US13649969

申请日：2012-10-11

申请人： Mohammad Azadeh

发明人： Mohammad Azadeh

IPC分类号： H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/12 ,  G01R1/20 ,  H03B1/00 ,  H03K19/00 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H05B33/08

CPC分类号： H05B33/0812

摘要： Methods and circuits for providing a minimum driving voltage to a current-driven load (such as a laser diode) are disclosed. The circuit and methods may be useful for efficiently providing a bias and/or driving current to the current-driven load with minimal energy loss. The circuit generally comprises (1) a driver or voltage source configured to provide the bias and/or driving current to the current-driven load, (2) a sense circuit configured to (i) sense the bias and/or driving current and (ii) convert the bias and/or driving current to a first voltage, and (3) a comparator configured to (i) receive the first voltage and first and second reference voltages and (ii) provide a feedback/error signal to the driver or voltage source, the feedback/error signal configured to maintain or adjust the bias and/or driving current at or towards a target value.

摘要翻译： 公开了向电流驱动负载（例如激光二极管）提供最小驱动电压的方法和电路。 该电路和方法可用于以最小的能量损失有效地向电流驱动的负载提供偏置和/或驱动电流。 电路通常包括（1）被配置为向电流驱动负载提供偏置和/或驱动电流的驱动器或电压源，（2）感测电路，其被配置为（i）感测偏置和/或驱动电流和（ ii）将偏置和/或驱动电流转换为第一电压，以及（3）比较器，其被配置为（i）接收第一电压和第一和第二参考电压，以及（ii）向驾驶员提供反馈/错误信号 电压源，反馈/误差信号被配置为维持或调整偏压和/或驱动电流在目标值或朝向目标值。

公开(公告)号：US08929746B2

公开(公告)日：2015-01-06

申请号：US13323698

申请日：2011-12-12

申请人： Mohammad Azadeh

发明人： Mohammad Azadeh

IPC分类号： H04B10/00 ,  H01S5/042

CPC分类号： H01S5/042 ,  Y10T29/49826

摘要： The present disclosure relates to a differential drive circuit. The differential drive circuit generally includes a differential driver, a first transmission line coupled to a first output node of the differential driver, and a second transmission line coupled to a second output node of the differential driver. A laser diode is coupled to the first and second transmission lines. The first and second transmission lines have different delays, lengths, or impedances. In some embodiments, the delay between the first transmission line and the second transmission line is 0.2-0.4 times a rise time or fall time of a signal on either transmission line.

摘要翻译： 差分驱动电路技术领域本公开涉及一种差分驱动电路。 差分驱动电路通常包括差分驱动器，耦合到差分驱动器的第一输出节点的第一传输线以及耦合到差分驱动器的第二输出节点的第二传输线。 激光二极管耦合到第一和第二传输线。 第一和第二传输线具有不同的延迟，长度或阻抗。 在一些实施例中，第一传输线和第二传输线之间的延迟是传输线上的信号的上升时间或下降时间的0.2-0.4倍。

公开(公告)号：US08948610B2

公开(公告)日：2015-02-03

申请号：US13282191

申请日：2011-10-26

申请人： Mohammad Azadeh ,  Near Margalit

发明人： Mohammad Azadeh ,  Near Margalit

IPC分类号： H04B10/06 ,  H04L25/06 ,  H04L25/10 ,  H04B10/69

CPC分类号： H04B10/695

摘要： Methods for receiving a signal and a detection circuit are disclosed. The detection circuit and related methods may be useful for the fast and accurate receiving of data signals. The detection circuit generally comprises a first circuit having a first time constant, a second circuit having (i) a common input with the first circuit and (ii) a second time constant, the second time constant being less than the first time constant, and a switch configured to (i) charge the first circuit with an input signal when the switch is in a first state, and (ii) charge or discharge the second circuit with the input signal when the switch is in a second state, the switch having the second state when the input signal is no longer received at the common input.

摘要翻译： 公开了接收信号和检测电路的方法。 检测电路和相关方法对于快速和准确地接收数据信号可能是有用的。 检测电路通常包括具有第一时间常数的第一电路，第二电路具有（i）与第一电路的公共输入和（ii）第二时间常数，第二时间常数小于第一时间常数，以及 开关，被配置为：当开关处于第一状态时，（i）用输入信号对第一电路充电;以及（ii）当开关处于第二状态时，利用输入信号对第二电路进行充电或放电，开关具有 当在公共输入处不再接收输入信号时的第二状态。

公开(公告)号：US08901474B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-02

申请号：US13527462

申请日：2012-06-19

申请人： Mohammad Azadeh

发明人： Mohammad Azadeh

IPC分类号： H04B10/40 ,  H03F3/45 ,  H04B10/079

CPC分类号： H04B10/40 ,  H04B10/0793 ,  H04B10/0799

摘要： An optical transceiver and/or optical network, and methods of monitoring optical transceivers, may be useful for increasing the dynamic range and/or determining the received signal strength and/or link budget of the optical transceiver and/or a different optical transceiver in the optical network. The circuitry generally comprises a photodiode configured to generate a first current responsive to an optical signal, a current mirror configured to produce a second current equal or proportional to the first current, and a nonlinear element configured to produce a first voltage from the first current.

摘要翻译： 光收发器和/或光网络以及监视光收发器的方法对于增加动态范围和/或确定光收发器和/或光收发器中的不同光收发器的接收信号强度和/或链路预算是有用的 光网络。 电路通常包括被配置为产生响应于光信号的第一电流的光电二极管，被配置为产生与第一电流相等或成比例的第二电流的电流镜，以及被配置为从第一电流产生第一电压的非线性元件。