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公开(公告)号：US20110019056A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-27
申请号：US12622752
申请日：2009-11-20
申请人： Matthew Hirsch , Ramesh Raskar , Henry Holtzman , Douglas Lanman
发明人： Matthew Hirsch , Ramesh Raskar , Henry Holtzman , Douglas Lanman
CPC分类号： G06F3/0425 , G06F3/0325 , H04N5/2226
摘要： A bidirectional screen alternately switches between a display mode showing conventional graphics and a capture mode in which the LCD backlight is disabled and the LCD displays a pinhole array or a tiled-broadband code. A large-format image sensor is placed behind the liquid crystal layer. Together, the image sensor and LCD function as a mask-based light field camera, capturing an array of images equivalent to that produced by an array of cameras spanning the display surface. The recovered multi-view orthographic imagery is used to passively estimate the depth of scene points from focus.
摘要翻译： 双向屏幕交替地在显示常规图形的显示模式和禁用LCD背光的捕获模式之间切换，并且LCD显示针孔阵列或平铺宽带码。 大幅面图像传感器放置在液晶层的后面。 一起，图像传感器和LCD作为基于掩模的光场摄像机，捕获与跨越显示表面的摄像机阵列相同的图像阵列。 恢复的多视角正交图像用于被动地估计焦点的场景点的深度。
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公开(公告)号：US08654234B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-18
申请号：US12622752
申请日：2009-11-20
申请人： Matthew Hirsch , Ramesh Raskar , Henry Holtzman , Douglas Lanman
发明人： Matthew Hirsch , Ramesh Raskar , Henry Holtzman , Douglas Lanman
CPC分类号： G06F3/0425 , G06F3/0325 , H04N5/2226
摘要： A bidirectional screen alternately switches between a display mode showing conventional graphics and a capture mode in which the LCD backlight is disabled and the LCD displays a pinhole array or a tiled-broadband code. A large-format image sensor is placed behind the liquid crystal layer. Together, the image sensor and LCD function as a mask-based light field camera, capturing an array of images equivalent to that produced by an array of cameras spanning the display surface. The recovered multi-view orthographic imagery is used to passively estimate the depth of scene points from focus.
摘要翻译： 双向屏幕交替地在显示常规图形的显示模式和禁用LCD背光的捕获模式之间切换，并且LCD显示针孔阵列或平铺宽带码。 大幅面图像传感器放置在液晶层的后面。 一起，图像传感器和LCD作为基于掩模的光场摄像机，捕获与跨越显示表面的摄像机阵列相同的图像阵列。 恢复的多视角正交图像用于被动地估计焦点的场景点的深度。
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公开(公告)号：US20120140131A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-07
申请号：US13309535
申请日：2011-12-01
申请人： Douglas Lanman , Matthew Hirsch , Yun Hee Kim , Szymon Jakubczak , Ramesh Raskar
发明人： Douglas Lanman , Matthew Hirsch , Yun Hee Kim , Szymon Jakubczak , Ramesh Raskar
IPC分类号： G02F1/1333 , G02B27/22 , G02F1/01
CPC分类号： G02B27/2214 , G02B27/225 , G02B27/2264 , H04N13/307 , H04N13/315 , H04N13/32
摘要： In exemplary implementations of this invention, two LCD screens display a multi-view 3D image that has both horizontal and vertical parallax, and that does not require a viewer to wear any special glasses. Each pixel in the LCDs can take on any value: the pixel can be opaque, transparent, or any shade between. For regions of the image that are adjacent to a step function (e.g., a depth discontinuity) and not adjacent to a sharp corner, the screens display local parallax barriers comprising many small slits. The barriers and the slits tend to be oriented perpendicular to the local angular gradient of the target light field. In some implementations, the display is optimized to seek to minimize the Euclidian distance between the desired light field and the actual light field that is produced. Weighted, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is used for this optimization.
摘要翻译： 在本发明的示例性实施方案中，两个LCD屏幕显示具有水平和垂直视差的多视图3D图像，并且不需要观看者佩戴任何特殊眼镜。 LCD中的每个像素可以承担任何值：像素可以是不透明的，透明的或任何阴影之间。 对于邻近阶梯函数（例如，深度不连续）并且不与锐角相邻的图像的区域，屏幕显示包括许多小缝隙的局部视差屏障。 障碍物和狭缝倾向于垂直于目标光场的局部角度梯度取向。 在一些实施方案中，显示器被优化以寻求使期望的光场和所产生的实际光场之间的欧几里德距离最小化。 加权非负矩阵因子分解（NMF）用于此优化。
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公开(公告)号：US20130176704A1
公开(公告)日：2013-07-11
申请号：US13689631
申请日：2012-11-29
CPC分类号： G02B27/22 , F21V9/14 , G02B27/225 , G09G3/003 , G09G2300/023 , G09G2300/0447 , G09G2310/0235 , H04N13/32 , H04N13/324
摘要： In exemplary implementations of this invention, a flat screen device displays a 3D scene. The 3D display may be viewed by a person who is not wearing any special glasses. The flat screen device displays dynamically changing 3D imagery, with a refresh rate so fast that the device may be used for 3D movies or for interactive, 3D display. The flat screen device comprises a stack of LCD layers with two crossed polarization filters, one filter at each end of the stack. One or more processors control the voltage at each pixel of each LCD layer, in order to control the polarization state rotation induced in light at that pixel. The processor employs an algorithm that models each LCD layer as a spatially-controllable polarization rotator, rather than a conventional spatial light modulator that directly attenuates light. Color display is achieved using field sequential color illumination with monochromatic LCDs.
摘要翻译： 在本发明的示例性实现中，平面屏幕设备显示3D场景。 3D显示器可以由没有佩戴任何特殊眼镜的人员来观看。 平面屏幕设备显示动态变化的3D图像，刷新速度非常快，以至于该设备可用于3D电影或交互式3D显示。 平面屏幕装置包括具有两个交叉偏振滤光器的LCD层的堆叠，在堆叠的每个端部具有一个滤光器。 一个或多个处理器控制每个LCD层的每个像素处的电压，以便控制在该像素处的光中引起的偏振状态旋转。 处理器采用将每个LCD层建模为空间可控的偏振旋转器的算法，而不是直接衰减光的常规空间光调制器。 使用具有单色LCD的场顺序彩色照明来实现彩色显示。
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公开(公告)号：US09146403B2
公开(公告)日：2015-09-29
申请号：US13309535
申请日：2011-12-01
申请人： Douglas Lanman , Matthew Hirsch , Yun Hee Kim , Szymon Jakubczak , Ramesh Raskar
发明人： Douglas Lanman , Matthew Hirsch , Yun Hee Kim , Szymon Jakubczak , Ramesh Raskar
IPC分类号： G02B26/00 , G02F1/1335 , H04N13/04 , H04N15/00 , G02B27/22
CPC分类号： G02B27/2214 , G02B27/225 , G02B27/2264 , H04N13/307 , H04N13/315 , H04N13/32
摘要： In exemplary implementations of this invention, two LCD screens display a multi-view 3D image that has both horizontal and vertical parallax, and that does not require a viewer to wear any special glasses. Each pixel in the LCDs can take on any value: the pixel can be opaque, transparent, or any shade between. For regions of the image that are adjacent to a step function (e.g., a depth discontinuity) and not adjacent to a sharp corner, the screens display local parallax barriers comprising many small slits. The barriers and the slits tend to be oriented perpendicular to the local angular gradient of the target light field. In some implementations, the display is optimized to seek to minimize the Euclidian distance between the desired light field and the actual light field that is produced. Weighted, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is used for this optimization.
摘要翻译： 在本发明的示例性实施方案中，两个LCD屏幕显示具有水平和垂直视差的多视图3D图像，并且不需要观看者佩戴任何特殊眼镜。 LCD中的每个像素可以承担任何值：像素可以是不透明的，透明的或任何阴影之间。 对于邻近阶梯函数（例如，深度不连续）并且不与锐角相邻的图像的区域，屏幕显示包括许多小缝隙的局部视差屏障。 障碍物和狭缝倾向于垂直于目标光场的局部角度梯度取向。 在一些实施方案中，显示器被优化以寻求使期望的光场和所产生的实际光场之间的欧几里德距离最小化。 加权非负矩阵因子分解（NMF）用于此优化。
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公开(公告)号：US20140063077A1
公开(公告)日：2014-03-06
申请号：US13736769
申请日：2013-01-08
IPC分类号： G09G3/34
CPC分类号： G09G3/3406 , G09G3/003 , G09G3/36 , G09G2300/023 , G09G2310/0235 , G09G2340/00 , H04N13/305 , H04N13/307 , H04N13/31 , H04N13/351 , H04N13/354 , H04N13/366
摘要： In exemplary implementations of this invention, an automultiscopic display device includes (1) one or more spatially addressable, light attenuating layers, and (2) a controller which is configured to perform calculations to control the device. In these calculations, tensors provide sparse, memory-efficient representations of a light field. The calculations include using weighted nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF) to solve an optimization problem. The NTF calculations can be sufficiently efficient to achieve interactive refresh rates. Either a directional backlight or a uniform backlight may be used. For example, the device may have (1) a high resolution LCD in front, and (2) a low resolution directional backlight. Or, for example, the device may have a uniform backlight and three or more LCD panels. In these examples, all of the LCDs and the directional backlight (if applicable) may be time-multiplexed.
摘要翻译： 在本发明的示例性实施方案中，自动不透明显示装置包括（1）一个或多个空间可寻址的光衰减层，以及（2）被配置为执行计算以控制该装置的控制器。 在这些计算中，张量提供光场的稀疏，记忆效能表示。 计算包括使用加权非负张力因子分解（NTF）来解决优化问题。 NTF计算可以有效地实现交互式刷新率。 可以使用定向背光或均匀背光。 例如，该装置可以具有（1）前面的高分辨率LCD，以及（2）低分辨率定向背光。 或者，例如，该设备可以具有均匀的背光和三个或更多个LCD面板。 在这些示例中，所有LCD和定向背光（如果适用）可以被时分复用。
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公开(公告)号：US09335553B2
公开(公告)日：2016-05-10
申请号：US14836212
申请日：2015-08-26
申请人： Douglas Lanman , Matthew Hirsch , Yun Hee Kim , Szymon Jakubczak , Ramesh Raskar
发明人： Douglas Lanman , Matthew Hirsch , Yun Hee Kim , Szymon Jakubczak , Ramesh Raskar
IPC分类号： G02B26/00 , G02F1/1335 , H04N13/04 , H04N15/00 , G02B27/22
CPC分类号： G02B27/2214 , G02B27/225 , G02B27/2264 , H04N13/307 , H04N13/315 , H04N13/32
摘要： In exemplary implementations of this invention, two LCD screens display a multi-view 3D image that has both horizontal and vertical parallax, and that does not require a viewer to wear any special glasses. Each pixel in the LCDs can take on any value: the pixel can be opaque, transparent, or any shade between. For regions of the image that are adjacent to a step function (e.g., a depth discontinuity) and not adjacent to a sharp corner, the screens display local parallax barriers comprising many small slits. The barriers and the slits tend to be oriented perpendicular to the local angular gradient of the target light field. In some implementations, the display is optimized to seek to minimize the Euclidian distance between the desired light field and the actual light field that is produced. Weighted, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is used for this optimization.
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公开(公告)号：US20150362743A1
公开(公告)日：2015-12-17
申请号：US14836212
申请日：2015-08-26
申请人： Douglas Lanman , Matthew Hirsch , Yun Hee Kim , Szymon Jakubczak , Ramesh Raskar
发明人： Douglas Lanman , Matthew Hirsch , Yun Hee Kim , Szymon Jakubczak , Ramesh Raskar
CPC分类号： G02B27/2214 , G02B27/225 , G02B27/2264 , H04N13/307 , H04N13/315 , H04N13/32
摘要： In exemplary implementations of this invention, two LCD screens display a multi-view 3D image that has both horizontal and vertical parallax, and that does not require a viewer to wear any special glasses. Each pixel in the LCDs can take on any value: the pixel can be opaque, transparent, or any shade between. For regions of the image that are adjacent to a step function (e.g., a depth discontinuity) and not adjacent to a sharp corner, the screens display local parallax barriers comprising many small slits. The barriers and the slits tend to be oriented perpendicular to the local angular gradient of the target light field. In some implementations, the display is optimized to seek to minimize the Euclidian distance between the desired light field and the actual light field that is produced. Weighted, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is used for this optimization.
摘要翻译： 在本发明的示例性实施方案中，两个LCD屏幕显示具有水平和垂直视差的多视图3D图像，并且不需要观看者佩戴任何特殊眼镜。 LCD中的每个像素可以承担任何值：像素可以是不透明的，透明的或任何阴影之间。 对于邻近阶梯函数（例如，深度不连续）并且不与锐角相邻的图像的区域，屏幕显示包括许多小缝隙的局部视差屏障。 障碍物和狭缝倾向于垂直于目标光场的局部角度梯度取向。 在一些实施方案中，显示器被优化以寻求使期望的光场和所产生的实际光场之间的欧几里德距离最小化。 加权非负矩阵因子分解（NMF）用于此优化。
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公开(公告)号：US08848006B2
公开(公告)日：2014-09-30
申请号：US13736769
申请日：2013-01-08
CPC分类号： G09G3/3406 , G09G3/003 , G09G3/36 , G09G2300/023 , G09G2310/0235 , G09G2340/00 , H04N13/305 , H04N13/307 , H04N13/31 , H04N13/351 , H04N13/354 , H04N13/366
摘要： In exemplary implementations of this invention, an automultiscopic display device includes (1) one or more spatially addressable, light attenuating layers, and (2) a controller which is configured to perform calculations to control the device. In these calculations, tensors provide sparse, memory-efficient representations of a light field. The calculations include using weighted nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF) to solve an optimization problem. The NTF calculations can be sufficiently efficient to achieve interactive refresh rates. Either a directional backlight or a uniform backlight may be used. For example, the device may have (1) a high resolution LCD in front, and (2) a low resolution directional backlight. Or, for example, the device may have a uniform backlight and three or more LCD panels. In these examples, all of the LCDs and the directional backlight (if applicable) may be time-multiplexed.
摘要翻译： 在本发明的示例性实施方案中，自动不透明显示装置包括（1）一个或多个空间可寻址的光衰减层，以及（2）被配置为执行计算以控制该装置的控制器。 在这些计算中，张量提供光场的稀疏，记忆效能表示。 计算包括使用加权非负张力因子分解（NTF）来解决优化问题。 NTF计算可以有效地实现交互式刷新率。 可以使用定向背光或均匀背光。 例如，该装置可以具有（1）前面的高分辨率LCD，以及（2）低分辨率定向背光。 或者，例如，该设备可以具有均匀的背光和三个或更多个LCD面板。 在这些示例中，所有LCD和定向背光（如果适用）可以被时分复用。
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公开(公告)号：US08651678B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-18
申请号：US13689631
申请日：2012-11-29
IPC分类号： F21V9/14
CPC分类号： G02B27/22 , F21V9/14 , G02B27/225 , G09G3/003 , G09G2300/023 , G09G2300/0447 , G09G2310/0235 , H04N13/32 , H04N13/324
摘要： In exemplary implementations of this invention, a flat screen device displays a 3D scene. The 3D display may be viewed by a person who is not wearing any special glasses. The flat screen device displays dynamically changing 3D imagery, with a refresh rate so fast that the device may be used for 3D movies or for interactive, 3D display. The flat screen device comprises a stack of LCD layers with two crossed polarization filters, one filter at each end of the stack. One or more processors control the voltage at each pixel of each LCD layer, in order to control the polarization state rotation induced in light at that pixel. The processor employs an algorithm that models each LCD layer as a spatially-controllable polarization rotator, rather than a conventional spatial light modulator that directly attenuates light. Color display is achieved using field sequential color illumination with monochromatic LCDs.
摘要翻译： 在本发明的示例性实现中，平面屏幕设备显示3D场景。 3D显示器可以由没有佩戴任何特殊眼镜的人员来观看。 平面屏幕设备显示动态变化的3D图像，刷新速度非常快，以至于该设备可用于3D电影或交互式3D显示。 平面屏幕装置包括具有两个交叉偏振滤光器的LCD层的堆叠，在堆叠的每个端部具有一个滤光器。 一个或多个处理器控制每个LCD层的每个像素处的电压，以便控制在该像素处的光中引起的偏振状态旋转。 处理器采用将每个LCD层建模为空间可控的偏振旋转器的算法，而不是直接衰减光的常规空间光调制器。 使用具有单色LCD的场顺序彩色照明来实现彩色显示。
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