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公开(公告)号：US06485380B2
公开(公告)日：2002-11-26
申请号：US09759855
申请日：2001-01-12
申请人： Ronald Spangler , David Gilbert , Carl Prestia , Emanuele Bianchini , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Robert N. Jacques , Jonathan C. Allen , Farla M. Russo
发明人： Ronald Spangler , David Gilbert , Carl Prestia , Emanuele Bianchini , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Robert N. Jacques , Jonathan C. Allen , Farla M. Russo
IPC分类号： A63B4902
摘要： A golf club includes an electroactive assembly attached to the club and electrically tuned to capture energy from one or more vibrational modes with high efficiency. More generally, a sports implement includes an electroactive element, such as a piezoceramic sheet attached to the implement, and a circuit attached to the electroactive element. The circuit may be a shunt, or may include processing such as amplification and phase control to apply a driving signal which may compensate for strain sensed in the implement, or may simply alter the stiffness to affect performance. The electroactive element is located in a region of high strain to apply damping, and may include plural subassemblies mounted to capture energy in different planes, or to capture an asymmetric strain distribution while maintaining structural symmetry. In a ski the element captures between about one and five percent of the strain energy of the ski. The region of high strain may be found by modeling mechanics of the sports implement, or may be located by empirically mapping the strain distribution which occurs during use of the implement. In other embodiments, the electroactive elements may remove resonances, adapt performance to different situations, or enhance handling or comfort of the implement. Other embodiments include striking implements intended to hit a ball or object in play, such as mallets, bats and tennis racquets, wherein the strain elements may alter the performance, feel or comfort of the implement. The electroactive elements may be configured in sets to capture energy in different modes, and/or energy distributed along different directions.
摘要翻译： 高尔夫球杆包括附接到球杆的电动组件，并且被电调谐以从高效率的一个或多个振动模式捕获能量。 更一般地，运动器具包括电活性元件，例如附接到器具的压电陶瓷片和连接到电活性元件的电路。 该电路可以是分流器，或者可以包括诸如放大和相位控制的处理以施加可以补偿在工具中感测到的应变的驱动信号，或者可以简单地改变刚度以影响性能。 电活性元件位于高应变区域以施加阻尼，并且可以包括安装成在不同平面中捕获能量的多个子组件，或者捕获不对称应变分布同时保持结构对称性。 在滑雪板中，元素捕获滑雪板的约百分之一至百分之五的应变能量。 高应变区域可以通过运动器具的建模力学来发现，或者可以通过经验地绘制在使用中发生的应变分布来定位。 在其它实施例中，电活性元件可以去除谐振，适应不同情况的性能，或增强器具的处理或舒适度。 其他实施例包括旨在击打球或游戏中的对象的打击工具，例如槌，蝙蝠和网球拍，其中应变元件可改变工具的性能，感觉或舒适性。 电活性元件可以被配置成以不同模式捕获能量和/或沿着不同方向分布的能量。
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公开(公告)号：US06196935B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-06
申请号：US09057972
申请日：1998-04-09
申请人： Ronald Spangler , David Gilbert , Carl Prestia , Emanuele Bianchini , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Robert N. Jacques , Jonathan C. Allen , Farla M. Russo
发明人： Ronald Spangler , David Gilbert , Carl Prestia , Emanuele Bianchini , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Robert N. Jacques , Jonathan C. Allen , Farla M. Russo
IPC分类号： A63B5300
摘要： A golf club includes an electroactive assembly attached to the club and electrically tuned to capture energy from one or more vibrational modes with high efficiency. More generally, a sports implement includes an electroactive element, such as a piezoceramic sheet attached to the implement, and a circuit attached to the electroactive element. The circuit may be a shunt, or may include processing such as amplification and phase control to apply a driving signal which may compensate for strain sensed in the implement, or may simply alter the stiffness to affect performance. The electroactive element is located in a region of high strain to apply damping, and may include plural subassemblies mounted to capture energy in different planes, or to capture an asymmetric strain distribution while maintaining structural symmetry. In a ski the element captures between about one and five percent of the strain energy of the ski. The region of high strain may be found by modeling mechanics of the sports implement, or may be located by empirically mapping the strain distribution which occurs during use of the implement. In other embodiments, the electroactive elements may remove resonances, adapt performance to different situations, or enhance handling or comfort of the implement. Other embodiments include striking implements intended to hit a ball or object in play, such as mallets, bats and tennis racquets, wherein the strain elements may alter the performance, feel or comfort of the implement. The electroactive elements may be configured in sets to capture energy in different modes, and/or energy distributed along different directions.
摘要翻译： 高尔夫球杆包括附接到球杆的电动组件，并且被电调谐以从高效率的一个或多个振动模式捕获能量。 更一般地，运动器具包括电活性元件，例如附接到器具的压电陶瓷片和连接到电活性元件的电路。 该电路可以是分流器，或者可以包括诸如放大和相位控制的处理以施加可以补偿在工具中感测到的应变的驱动信号，或者可以简单地改变刚度以影响性能。 电活性元件位于高应变区域以施加阻尼，并且可以包括安装成在不同平面中捕获能量的多个子组件，或者捕获不对称应变分布同时保持结构对称性。 在滑雪板中，元素捕获滑雪板的约百分之一至百分之五的应变能量。 高应变区域可以通过运动器具的建模力学来发现，或者可以通过经验地绘制在使用中发生的应变分布来定位。 在其它实施例中，电活性元件可以去除谐振，适应不同情况的性能，或增强器具的处理或舒适度。 其他实施例包括旨在击打球或游戏中的对象的打击工具，例如槌，蝙蝠和网球拍，其中应变元件可改变工具的性能，感觉或舒适性。 电活性元件可以被配置成以不同模式捕获能量和/或沿着不同方向分布的能量。
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公开(公告)号：US6086490A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-11
申请号：US54940
申请日：1998-04-03
申请人： Ronald Spangler , David Gilbert , Carl Prestia , Emanuele Bianchini , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Robert N. Jacques , Jonathan C. Allen , Farla M. Russo
发明人： Ronald Spangler , David Gilbert , Carl Prestia , Emanuele Bianchini , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Robert N. Jacques , Jonathan C. Allen , Farla M. Russo
CPC分类号： A63C5/075 , A63B60/54 , A63B2208/12 , A63B53/00
摘要： A baseball bat includes an electroactive assembly attached near the handle and electrically tuned to capture energy from several modes with high efficiency. More generally, a sports implement includes an electroactive element, such as a piezoceramic sheet attached to the implement, and a circuit attached to the electroactive element. The circuit may be a shunt, or may include processing such as amplification and phase control to apply a driving signal which may compensate for strain sensed in the implement, or may simply alter the stiffness to affect performance. In a ski, the electroactive element is located near to the root in a region of high strain to apply damping, and the element captures between about one and five percent of the strain energy of the ski. The region of high strain may be found by modeling mechanics of the sports implement, or may be located by empirically mapping the strain distribution which occurs during use of the implement. In other embodiments, the electroactive elements may remove resonances, adapt performance to different situations, or enhance handling or comfort of the implement. Other embodiments include striking implements intended to hit a ball or object in play, such as mallets, golf clubs and tennis racquets, wherein the strain elements may alter the performance, feel or comfort of the implement. The electroactive elements may be configured in sets to capture energy in different modes, and/or along different directions.
摘要翻译： 棒球棒包括附接在手柄附近的电活性组件，并被电调谐以从高效率的几种模式捕获能量。 更一般地，运动器具包括电活性元件，例如附接到器具的压电陶瓷片和连接到电活性元件的电路。 该电路可以是分流器，或者可以包括诸如放大和相位控制的处理以施加可以补偿在工具中感测到的应变的驱动信号，或者可以简单地改变刚度以影响性能。 在滑雪板中，电活性元件位于高应变区域的根部附近以施加阻尼，并且该元件捕获滑雪板的约百分之一至百分之五的应变能量。 高应变区域可以通过运动器具的建模力学来发现，或者可以通过经验地绘制在使用中发生的应变分布来定位。 在其它实施例中，电活性元件可以去除谐振，适应不同情况的性能，或增强器具的处理或舒适度。 其他实施例包括旨在击打游戏中的球或物体的打击工具，例如槌，高尔夫球杆和网球，其中应变元件可改变工具的性能，感觉或舒适性。 电活性元件可以被配置成以不同模式和/或沿不同方向捕获能量。
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公开(公告)号：US6102426A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US797004
申请日：1997-02-07
摘要： A sports implement includes an electroactive element such as a piezoceramic sheet attached to the implement and a shunt circuit attached to the electroactive element to counteract strain or alter stiffness of the implement to affect its performance. In a ski, one shunt circuit is neither a linear nor a highly tuned shunt, but is a low Q resonant inductive shunt tuned to a performance band of the ski to enhance dissipation of energy from of the electroactive element. The performance band includes at least one structural mode of the ski and a neighborhood of that mode. The neighborhood may include variations in the frequency of a first or higher free structural resonance which arise from production variations or size variations of the ski or its components. The neighborhood may also be selected to cover the range of frequencies that mode takes when driven by actual disturbances in use, such as the vibrations excited when skiing at a particular range of speeds, or with a particular set of conditions or combination of conditions of temperature, speed, snow and terrain. In other embodiments, the tuned band shunt control may be switched to remove a resonance, adapt performance to different situations, or enhance handling or comfort of the implement. Other embodiments include striking implements intended to hit a ball or object in play, such as golf clubs and tennis racquets, wherein the strain elements may alter the performance, feel or comfort of the implement.
摘要翻译： 运动器具包括电活性元件，例如附接到器具的压电陶瓷片，以及附接到电活性元件的分流电路，以抵消器具的应变或改变器件的刚度以影响其性能。 在滑雪板中，一个分流电路既不是线性的，也不是高度调谐的分流器，而是一个低Q谐振感应分流器，调谐到滑雪板的性能带，以增强电活性元件的能量耗散。 表演乐队包括滑雪板的至少一种结构模式和该模式的邻域。 该邻域可以包括由滑雪板或其部件的生产变化或尺寸变化引起的第一或更高自由结构共振频率的变化。 也可以选择该邻域来覆盖由使用中的实际扰动驱动的模式所采用的频率范围，例如在特定速度范围内滑雪时激发的振动，或者特定的一组条件或温度条件的组合 ，速度，雪地和地形。 在其他实施例中，可以切换调谐带分流控制以去除谐振，适应不同情况的性能，或增强器具的处理或舒适度。 其他实施例包括旨在击中游戏中的球或物体的打击工具，例如高尔夫球杆和网球拍，其中应变元件可改变工具的性能，感觉或舒适性。
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公开(公告)号：US06193029B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-27
申请号：US08890955
申请日：1997-07-08
申请人： Edward F. Crawley , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Douglas A. Simpson , Gerald F. Caron , Farla M. Russo
发明人： Edward F. Crawley , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Douglas A. Simpson , Gerald F. Caron , Farla M. Russo
IPC分类号： F16F932
CPC分类号： F16F9/463 , F16F9/34 , F16F9/466 , F16F2224/0283
摘要： A valve regulates fluid displacement in a damper assembly, for example, displacement of hydraulic fluid in a sealed shock absorber. The valve is placed between a portion of fluid at one pressure and regulates the passage of fluid through an aperture or passage to a portion of fluid at a lower pressure by a blocking member which moves to obstruct the aperture in accordance with a desired level of damping. The blocking member is, or is driven by, an electroactive device, such as a bimorph actuator formed of ferroelectric material. In one embodiment, the blocking member is a bimorph which covers the aperture, and is flexibly displaced by passage of pressurized fluid through the aperture. A controller provides an electrical actuation signal to move the bimorph toward or away from the aperture, augmenting or decreasing its closing bias to affect both the threshold flow initiation pressure and the rate of flow once the passage opens. Preferably the blocking member is a flexible piezoelectric assembly, which moves across a gap to provide a varying obstruction in the near field of fluid flow as the fluid moves through the passage. Piezobenders, washers and various pinned or cantilevered constructions of electroactive elements are adapted to different passage geometries. The valve assembly may be implemented in a plenum that attaches between chambers of a fluid housing, and include a first passage leading to one side, illustratively the high pressure side, of the damping piston, and a second passage connecting to the other, e.g., low pressure side of the piston. A piezo bender covers an elongated opening between the first and second passages and a controller moves the bender toward or away from the opening to reduce or increase flow. Preferably, a position sensor connected to the controller senses piston position, and the controller operates to energize the bender and to obstruct the opening or to further restrict flow if the piston position or its velocity is determined to lie above a threshold.
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公开(公告)号：US06427812B2
公开(公告)日：2002-08-06
申请号：US09768119
申请日：2001-01-23
申请人： Edward F. Crawley , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Douglas A. Simpson , Gerald F. Caron , Farla M. Russo
发明人： Edward F. Crawley , Kenneth B. Lazarus , Jeffrey W. Moore , Douglas A. Simpson , Gerald F. Caron , Farla M. Russo
IPC分类号： F16F932
CPC分类号： F16F9/463 , F16F9/34 , F16F9/466 , F16F2224/0283
摘要： A valve regulates fluid displacement in a damper assembly, for example, displacement of hydraulic fluid in a sealed shock absorber. The valve is placed between a portion of fluid at one pressure and regulates the passage of fluid through an aperture or passage to a portion of fluid at a lower pressure by a blocking member which moves to obstruct the aperture in accordance with a desired level of damping. The blocking member is, or is driven by, an electroactive device, such as a bimorph actuator formed of ferroelectric material.
摘要翻译： 阀调节阻尼器组件中的流体位移，例如在密封减震器中的液压流体的位移。 阀在一个压力下被放置在流体的一部分之间并且通过阻挡构件来调节流体通过孔或通道到较低压力下的流体的一部分，阻挡构件根据期望的阻尼水平而移动以阻塞孔 。 阻挡构件是由电活性装置驱动的，例如由铁电材料形成的双压电晶片致动器。
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公开(公告)号：US5866971A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US699680
申请日：1996-08-14
CPC分类号： H02N2/043
摘要： A hybrid actuator includes strain actuated elements that displace fluid to move a piston, with the elements forming a fluid housing, and being oriented and actuated to optimize force, stroke or bandwidth. In one preferred embodiment the elements are cylinders enclosing the fluid, with radial and axial components of strain-induced dimensional change adding together to enhance displacement. In another preferred embodiment, piezo bender elements produce large stroke, high bandwidth movements. Strokes of up to fifty percent of actuator length, and bandwidths above 500 Hz are achieved in light weight electrically actuated devices free of external piping or hydraulics. The actuator is readily integrated into a gate valve, sub-woofer, or other driven device.
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公开(公告)号：US6093995A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-25
申请号：US237154
申请日：1999-01-25
CPC分类号： H02N2/043
摘要： A hybrid actuator includes strain actuated elements that displace fluid to move a piston, with the elements forming a fluid housing, and being oriented and actuated to optimize force, stroke or bandwidth. In one preferred embodiment the elements are cylinders enclosing the fluid, with radial and axial components of strain-induced dimensional change adding together to enhance displacement. In another preferred embodiment, piezo bender elements produce large stroke, high bandwidth movements. Strokes of up to fifty percent of actuator length, and bandwidths above 500 Hz are achieved in light weight electrically actuated devices free of external piping or hydraulics. The actuator is readily integrated into a gate valve, sub-woofer, or other driven device.
摘要翻译： 混合致动器包括应变致动元件，其移动流体以移动活塞，其中元件形成流体壳体，并且被定向和致动以优化力，冲程或带宽。 在一个优选实施例中，元件是包围流体的圆柱体，应变引起的尺寸变化的径向和轴向分量加在一起以增加位移。 在另一个优选实施例中，压电弯曲元件产生大笔划，高带宽移动。 在不受外部管道或液压作用的轻型电动装置中实现高达致动器长度的50％的行程和500Hz以上的带宽。 致动器易于集成到闸阀，次低音扬声器或其他被驱动装置中。
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9.发明授权Integrated imaging sensor/neural network controller for combustion systems 失效用于燃烧系统的集成成像传感器/神经网络控制器
公开(公告)号：US5249954A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-05
申请号：US909911
申请日：1992-07-07
CPC分类号： F23N5/082 , F23N2023/52 , F23N2029/20
摘要： Disclosed is an integrated imaging sensor/neural network controller for combustion control systems. The controller uses electronic imaging sensing of chemiluminescence from a combustion system, combined with neural network image processing, to sensitively identify and control a complex combustion system. The imaging system used is not adversely affected by the normal emissions variations caused by changes in burner load and flame position. By incorporating neural networks to learn emission patterns associated with combustor performance, control using image technology is fast enough to be used in a real time, closed loop control system. This advance in sensing and control strategy allows use of the spatial distribution of important parameters in the combustion system in identifying the overall operation condition of a given combustor and in formulating a control response accorded to a pre-determined control model.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于燃烧控制系统的集成成像传感器/神经网络控制器。 控制器利用来自燃烧系统的化学发光的电子成像感测，结合神经网络图像处理，灵敏地识别和控制复杂的燃烧系统。 使用的成像系统不会受到燃烧器负载和火焰位置变化引起的正常排放变化的不利影响。 通过结合神经网络来学习与燃烧室性能相关的排放模式，使用图像技术的控制足够快以便在实时闭环控制系统中使用。 在传感和控制策略方面的进步允许在燃烧系统中使用重要参数的空间分布来识别给定燃烧器的总体运行状况，并根据预定的控制模型制定控制响应。
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