摘要:
The electron multiplying device according to this invention comprises an electron multiplying unit including dynodes arranged in a plurality of stages. The electron multiplying unit has an incidence opening for an energy beam to be multiplied to enter through, and has the proximal end secured to a base. There is provided a casing for housing the electron multiplying unit. The forward edge of the casing is secured to the base, and a space defined by the base and the casing houses the electron multiplying unit. The casing has an entrance window formed at a position opposed to the incidence opening. Energy beams enter the electron multiplying unit through the entrance window, but the electron multiplying unit itself is housed in the casing to be protected from surrounding air flow and unnecessary energy beams not to be measured.
摘要:
An ion detector includes an ion input face, a Faraday cup, an ion-to-electron converter dynode, two ion deflection electrodes, an electron multiplier portion, and an anode. The ion input face is formed with an ion input opening. The Faraday cup has an ion collection surface that confronts the ion input opening. The ion-to-electron converter dynode is disposed to one side with respect to the Faraday cup and the ion input opening and has a conversion surface that converts impinging ions into electrons. The two ion deflection electrodes generate an electron lens that attracts and focuses ions from the ion input opening toward the conversion surface of the ion-to-electron converter dynode. The electron multiplier portion receives and multiplies the electrons from the ion-to-electron converter dynode, and includes a plurality of dynodes that multiply electrons one after the other. The plurality of dynodes are juxtaposed in an arc-shape around the Faraday cup. The anode receives electrons from the electron multiplier portion and outputs a signal that corresponds to the amount of input ions.
摘要:
A system clock generator circuit for use in a D/A converter that allows the clock of any frequency to be inputted and also allows usage limiting-conditions to be simplified. A system clock generator circuit for use in a D/A converter for demodulating one-bit digital input data, which has been obtained by ΔΣ modulation scheme, into analog output data in synchronism with an internal system clock and for outputting the analog output data, comprises a counter circuit for receiving external system clocks and LR clocks (LRCLK) having predetermined repetitive frequencies to count the number of the external system clocks included in one period of the LR clocks; a timing generator circuit for generating mask signals for thinning, in accordance with the count value as counted by the counter circuit, the external system clocks at predetermined thinning timings; and a mask circuit for masking the external system clocks by use of the mask signals and thinning the clocks in the masked portions to generate internal system clocks.
摘要:
A variable speed tape transport apparatus for a tape cassette wherein the tape is driven at a selected one of plural predetermined speeds. The cassette includes speed indications thereon, each indication representing a respective normal tape speed. These indications are sensed by a sensor which, in turn, controls a control circuit for the tape drive motor such that the tape is selectively driven at a normal relatively lower speed or at a normal relatively higher speed. In addition, a selector mechanism, such as a fast-forward or rewind mechanism, is provided to enable the tape to be driven at a fast speed, this fast speed being at least equal to the relatively higher normal speed.In one embodiment, a tape cassette to be driven at the relatively lower normal speed can be selectively driven at a first higher speed, equal to the relatively higher normal speed, and at a second even higher speed. In this embodiment, a cassette to be driven at the relatively higher normal speed can be selectively driven at the second higher speed.