公开(公告)号：US3972202A

公开(公告)日：1976-08-03

申请号：US499833

申请日：1974-08-23

Applicant: Thornton Stearns

Inventor： Thornton Stearns

IPC: F17C9/00 ,  F17C9/02 ,  F17C13/00 ,  F25B9/00 ,  F25D3/10 ,  F17C7/02

CPC classification number: F25B9/00 ,  F17C9/02 ,  F25D3/10

Abstract: Apparatus for delivering cryogenic liquid to a heat exchanger wherein said liquid is vaporized for its cooling effect comprising a return conduit for conveying from a heat exchanger to a separator vessel spent fluid including some vapor, the return conduit discharging at its upper end into the portion of the vessel holding vapor, a return port for receiving spent fluid from an exchanger, a bypass passage constricted at its upper end providing a flow path in parallel with flow through an exchanger from a feed junction to a more elevated return junction, the flow being conducted in an upwards direction to the feed junction and from the feed junction into the bypass passage, the apparatus providing closed loop circulation of cryogenic liquid to a heat exchanger, with the driving force for the circulation being supplied by the differential head between cryogenic liquid in the feed conduit and spent fluid in the return conduit.

Abstract translation: 用于将低温液体输送到热交换器的装置，其中所述液体被蒸发以用于其冷却效果，包括用于从热交换器输送到分离器的返回管道，废液包括一些蒸汽，所述返回管道在其上端排放到 容纳蒸气的容器，用于从交换器接收废流体的返回端口，在其上端收缩的旁路通道，其提供与通过交换器的流动平行的流动路径，从进料连接点到更高的返回结，流体进行 在向上方向到进料连接处并且从进料连接处进入旁通通道，该装置提供低温液体到热交换器的闭环循环，循环的驱动力由差动头在低温液体中提供 回流管道中的进料管和废流体。

公开(公告)号：US5517302A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-14

申请号：US231445

申请日：1994-04-20

Applicant: Thornton Stearns ,  Subhash C. Sarkar

Inventor： Thornton Stearns ,  Subhash C. Sarkar

IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01J3/28

CPC classification number: G01N21/474 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01J2003/421 ,  G01J2003/425 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01N2021/4742

Abstract: A reflectometer for measuring absorption of light in selected regions of the light spectrum by a diffuse reflector. The reflectometer is adapted to precisely measure absorption resulting from the constituents present in body fluids. The sample to be measured is illuminated by a focussed light source at an angle of 45.degree. to its surface. The light diffusely reflected about the normal to the sample falls on a small round bundle of optical fibers. At the opposite end of the bundle, the fibers are arranged into a narrow rectangle. This rectangle forms the entrance slit for a concave holographic diffraction grating. The grating forms images of this entrance slit spectrally separated over a flat field suitable for recording the spectrum on film or on an array of discrete detectors.

Abstract translation: 用于通过漫反射器测量光谱的选定区域中的光的吸收的反射计。 反射计适用于精确测量由体液中存在的成分引起的吸收。 要测量的样品被聚焦光源以与其表面成45度的角度照射。 围绕样品的法线漫反射的光落在小圆形光纤束上。 在束的另一端，纤维被布置成窄的矩形。 该矩形形成凹面全息衍射光栅的入口狭缝。 光栅形成在适合于在胶片上或在离散检测器阵列上记录光谱的平坦场上光谱分离的入口狭缝的图像。

公开(公告)号：US5262840A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-16

申请号：US781

申请日：1993-01-04

Applicant: Thornton Stearns ,  Subhash C. Sarkar

Inventor： Thornton Stearns ,  Subhash C. Sarkar

IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01J3/04

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01J2003/421 ,  G01J2003/425 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01N2021/4742

Abstract: A reflectometer for measuring absorption of light in selected regions of the light spectrum by a diffuse reflector. The reflectometer is adapted to precisely measure absorption resulting from the constituents present in body fluids. The sample to be measured is illuminated by a focused light source at an angle of 45.degree. to its surface. The light diffusely reflected about the normal to the sample falls on a small round bundle of optical fibers at the opposite end of the bundle, the fibers are arranged into a narrow rectangle. This rectangle forms the entrance slit for a concave holographic diffraction grating. The grating forms images of this entrance slit spectrally separated over a flat field suitable for recording the spectrum on film or on an array of discrete detectors.

Abstract translation: 用于通过漫反射器测量光谱的选定区域中的光的吸收的反射计。 反射计适用于精确测量由体液中存在的成分引起的吸收。 要测量的样品被聚焦光源以与其表面成45度的角度照射。 围绕样品的法线漫反射的光落在束的相对端的小圆形光纤束上，纤维被排列成窄的矩形。 该矩形形成凹面全息衍射光栅的入口狭缝。 光栅形成在适合于在胶片上或在离散检测器阵列上记录光谱的平坦场上光谱分离的入口狭缝的图像。

公开(公告)号：US4947650A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-14

申请号：US404655

申请日：1988-09-08

Applicant: Russell W. Blanton ,  J. Eric Taylor ,  Thornton Stearns

Inventor： Russell W. Blanton ,  J. Eric Taylor ,  Thornton Stearns

IPC: F17C9/00

CPC classification number: F17C9/00 ,  F17C2201/0119 ,  F17C2201/032 ,  F17C2221/014 ,  F17C2223/0161 ,  F17C2223/033 ,  F17C2225/0123 ,  F17C2260/024 ,  F17C2270/059

Abstract: Liquid cryogen is added to a container of particulate material (e.g. powder, flakes or granules) immediately before the container is capped as part of a process for pressurizing the container. A liquid cryogen retainer is positioned within the unsealed container above the particulate material, and the flow of liquid cryogen is directed to the retainer to substantially prevent eruption from the container of the particulate material, which may otherwise result when the liquid nitrogen penetrates the particulate material and causes the particulate material to erupt, with an unacceptable loss of the particulate material and of the liquid cryogen.

Abstract translation: 液体冷冻剂在容器被封盖之前立即加入到颗粒材料（例如粉末，薄片或颗粒）的容器中，作为对容器加压的方法的一部分。 液体冷冻剂保持器定位在颗粒材料上方的未密封容器内，并且液体冷冻剂的流动被引导到保持器，以基本上防止来自颗粒材料的容器的喷发，否则当氮气渗透颗粒材料时 并导致颗粒材料爆发，颗粒材料和液体冷冻剂不可接受的损失。

公开(公告)号：US4715187A

公开(公告)日：1987-12-29

申请号：US912923

申请日：1986-09-29

Applicant: Thornton Stearns

Inventor： Thornton Stearns

IPC: B65B31/00 ,  B67C3/10 ,  F17C9/00 ,  F17C7/02

CPC classification number: F17C9/00 ,  F17C2201/0109 ,  F17C2201/0119 ,  F17C2201/032 ,  F17C2203/0391 ,  F17C2203/0629 ,  F17C2205/0341 ,  F17C2221/014 ,  F17C2223/0161 ,  F17C2225/0169 ,  F17C2250/0413 ,  F17C2260/024 ,  F17C2270/059

Abstract: A controlled stream of liquid cryogen is delivered from a system comprising: (a) a source of liquid cryogen at a substantially constant pressure, remote from the outlet; (b) a conduit connecting the liquid cryogen source to the outlet; (c) means to maintain cryogen flowing through the conduit sub-cooled at all points along the conduit (i.e., at any given point in the conduit, the cryogen's equilibrium vapor pressure is below the pressure experienced at that point in the conduit), and to deliver the cryogen to the outlet at a temperature equal to or below its boiling point at atmospheric pressure; and (d) a flow-rate control restriction, positioned in the conduit. By maintaining the cryogen sub-cooled, the flow is kept substantially (at least about 95% by volume) liquid. Therefore, the flow in the conduit is controlled reliably as to pressure, flow rate, and size. Specifically, the rate at which liquid cryogen is delivered at the outlet is controlled by the cross-sectional area of the flow-control restriction, and severe flashing at the outlet is avoided.

Abstract translation: 控制的液体冷冻剂流从系统输送，该系统包括：（a）远离出口的基本恒定压力的液体冷冻剂源; （b）将液体冷冻剂源连接到出口的导管; （c）保持冷冻剂流经导管的所有点处被冷却的导管（即，在导管中的任何给定点处，冷冻剂的平衡蒸汽压力低于导管中该点处经历的压力），以及 以在大气压下等于或低于其沸点的温度将冷冻剂输送到出口; 和（d）定位在导管中的流量控制限制。 通过保持低温冷却剂，流体基本上保持（至少约95体积％）的液体。 因此，对于压力，流量和尺寸，可以可靠地控制导管中的流动。 具体地说，在出口处输送液体冷冻剂的速度由流量控制限制的横截面积控制，避免了出口处的严重闪烁。

公开(公告)号：US5083436A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-28

申请号：US538214

申请日：1990-06-14

Applicant: Thornton Stearns ,  Russell W. Blanton

Inventor： Thornton Stearns ,  Russell W. Blanton

IPC: B23P11/02 ,  F25D3/11

CPC classification number: F25D3/11 ,  B23P11/025

Abstract: An apparatus for chilling and shrinking workpieces being conveyed to a workstation on an assembly line comprises, a chilling chamber, a conveyer for transporting workpieces, at least one generally vertical conduit for transporting cryogenic liquid out of a bath to an outlet above the bath, wells for storing cryogenic fluid bath, baffles for slowing the counterflow of cryogenic vapor and a lid for maintaining vapor in the chilling chamber. The workpieces first go through the pre-cooling process where cryogenic vapor flows in a counterflow to chill the workpieces. The workpieces move through openings in the baffles, and after the pre-cooling process, the conveyer transports the workpieces to the cooling stage where baths of cryogenic liquid are stored in wells. Generally vertical conduits are immersed in the wells. The density of cryogenic fluid in the conduit is reduced by warm vapor, enabling the cryogen to flow up the conduit. Cryogen reaching the outlet above the bath is sprayed onto workpieces transported by the conveyer. Cryogenic vapor resulted from the spraying flows to the pre-cooling section where it forms the counterflow discussed above.

Abstract translation: 用于冷却和收缩工件的装置被输送到装配线上的工作站，包括：冷却室，用于运输工件的输送机，用于将低温液体输送出浴的至少一个大致垂直的管道， 用于储存低温液体浴，用于减慢低温蒸气的逆流的挡板和用于保持冷却室中的蒸汽的盖子。 工件首先经过预冷处理，其中低温蒸汽在逆流中流动以冷却工件。 工件移动通过挡板中的开口，并且在预冷却过程之后，输送机将工件输送到冷却阶段，其中低温液体储存在井中。 通常将垂直导管浸入孔中。 导管中的低温流体的密度由于蒸汽冷却而减少，从而使冷冻剂能够流过导管。 到达浴室出口的低温冷却剂被喷洒到由输送机输送的工件上。 由喷雾产生的低温蒸汽流入预冷段，在此形成上述逆流。

公开(公告)号：US4865088A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-12

申请号：US101824

申请日：1987-09-28

Applicant: Thornton Stearns

Inventor： Thornton Stearns

IPC: F17C9/00

CPC classification number: F17C9/00 ,  F17C2201/0109 ,  F17C2201/0119 ,  F17C2201/032 ,  F17C2203/0391 ,  F17C2203/0629 ,  F17C2205/0341 ,  F17C2221/014 ,  F17C2223/0161 ,  F17C2225/0169 ,  F17C2250/0413 ,  F17C2260/024 ,  F17C2270/059

Abstract: Containers are pressurized by adding a controlled amount of liquid cryogen to uncapped containers as they move along an assembly line to a capping station. The liquid cryogen is added to the containers in a stream from a conduit outlet. The amount of cryogen delivered is controlled by sub-cooling the liquid cryogen as it flows across a flow-control restriction in the conduit, thereby ensuring that flow across the restriction is liquid. Control is also achieved by maintaining the temperature of the cryogen delivered from the outlet low enough to avoid detrimental flashing.

Abstract translation: 容器通过在未封盖的容器沿着装配线移动到封盖站时加入受控量的液体冷冻剂而被加压。 将液体冷冻剂以来自导管出口的流加入到容器中。 通过在液体冷冻剂流过管道中的流量控制限制物时将液体冷冻剂低温冷却来控制输送的冷冻剂的量，从而确保跨越限制的流动是液体。 也可以通过将从出口传送的冷冻剂的温度保持在足够低的温度以避免有害的闪烁来实现控制。

公开(公告)号：US5557924A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-24

申请号：US309531

申请日：1994-09-20

Applicant: Russell Blanton ,  David Tucker ,  Thornton Stearns

Inventor： Russell Blanton ,  David Tucker ,  Thornton Stearns

IPC: A61L2/20 ,  B01D61/14 ,  B01D65/02 ,  B65B31/00 ,  F17C9/00 ,  F17C7/02

CPC classification number: B01D61/147 ,  A61L2/20 ,  B01D65/022 ,  B65B31/006 ,  F17C9/00 ,  B01D2321/18 ,  B01D2321/32 ,  F17C2205/0341 ,  F17C2221/014 ,  F17C2223/0161 ,  F17C2223/033 ,  F17C2227/0114 ,  F17C2227/044 ,  F17C2265/012 ,  F17C2270/02 ,  Y10S62/908

Abstract: A system for delivering a controlled stream of purified liquid cryogen from an outlet. The system includes a cryogen delivery flow path that is made up of a delivery conduit connecting a source of liquid cryogen to the outlet. A cryogen purifier positioned in a section of the conduit, is capable of purifying (sterilizing) liquid cryogen flowing therethrough, and a section of the delivery conduit downstream of the cryogen purifier is clean (sterile). The system also includes a cleansing flow path for cleansing (sterilizing) the cryogen purifier and the clean delivery conduit section. The cleansing flow path includes a cleansing conduit connecting a source of cleansing (sterilizing) medium to the delivery conduit and the cryogen purifier. The cryogen purifier and clean delivery conduit section are isolated from the cryogen source during conduit cleansing, and cleansing is accomplished without subjecting the cryogen source to the cleansing medium.

Abstract translation: 用于从出口输送受控流的纯化液体冷冻剂的系统。 该系统包括由连接液体冷冻剂源到出口的输送导管组成的冷冻剂输送流路。 定位在导管部分中的冷冻剂净化器能够净化（灭菌）流过其中的液体冷冻剂，并且冷冻剂净化器下游的输送管道的一部分是干净的（无菌的）。 该系统还包括用于清洁（灭菌）冷冻剂净化器和清洁输送管道部分的清洁流动路径。 清洁流路包括将清洁（消毒）介质源连接到输送管道和冷冻剂净化器的清洁导管。 在导管清洁过程中，冷冻剂净化器和清洁输送管道部分与冷冻剂源隔离，并且在不将冷冻剂源经受清洁介质的情况下完成清洁。

公开(公告)号：US4878354A

公开(公告)日：1989-11-07

申请号：US221900

申请日：1988-07-20

Applicant: Thornton Stearns ,  Russell W. Blanton

Inventor： Thornton Stearns ,  Russell W. Blanton

IPC: B23P11/02 ,  F25D3/10

CPC classification number: B23P11/025 ,  F25D3/10

Abstract: Workpieces (e.g. valve seats, valve guides, or cylinder liners for an internal combustion engine) are chilled as they are supplied to a station on an assembly line, using a feeder/chiller that includes a passage to convey workpieces downwardly from a location at the top of the passage to an assembly line station. The chiller/feeder is fed cryogen from a reservoir of liquid cryogen. Because cryogen fluid (chilled nitrogen vapor) entering the passage is denser than air, downward flow of cryogen fluid must be restricted. For example, the passage includes a constriction below the position at which cryogen is fed to the passage. The constriction is configured and sized to allow workpieces to move through the constriction, yet the constriction is small enough to restrict the downward flow of cryogenic fluid when a workpiece is positioned in the constriction. Above the constriction, the cooling passage is large enough to allow sufficient clearance around workpieces to permit an upward flow of cryogenic fluid. The cryogenic fluid flows up the passage, counter to the movement of workpieces down the passage.

Abstract translation: 工件（例如用于内燃机的阀座，阀导向器或气缸套）被冷却，因为它们被提供到装配线上的工位，使用供料器/冷却器，该进料器/冷却器包括一个通道，以将工件从位于 通往装配线车站的通道的顶部。 冷冻机/进料器从液体冷冻剂储存器中送入冷冻剂。 由于进入通道的冷冻液（冷冻氮气）比空气更致密，所以必须限制低温流体的向下流动。 例如，通道在冷冻剂供给到通道的位置之下包括收缩部。 缩颈被构造和大小以允许工件移动通过收缩部，但是当工件位于收缩部中时，收缩部足够小以限制低温流体的向下流动。 在收缩部之上，冷却通道足够大以允许围绕工件的足够的间隙以允许低温流体向上流动。 低温流体沿着通道向上流动，与工件沿着通道的移动相反。