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    NDIR gas analysis using spectral ratioing technique
    2.
    发明授权
    NDIR gas analysis using spectral ratioing technique 失效
    NDIR气体分析采用光谱比例技术

    公开(公告)号：US5341214A

    公开(公告)日：1994-08-23

    申请号：US851869

    申请日：1992-03-16

    Applicant: Jacob Y. Wong

    Inventor： Jacob Y. Wong

    IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01N1/22 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G08B29/20

    CPC classification number: G01N1/2258 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G08B29/20 ,  G01J2001/161 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01N2001/2261 ,  G01N2021/0321 ,  G01N2021/0385 ,  G01N2021/052 ,  G01N21/0332 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N2201/0228 ,  G01N2201/06186 ,  G01N2201/0696

    Abstract: An instrument for determining the concentration of a particular gas that might be present in a sample has no moving parts and is extremely compact and inexpensive. A novel waveguiding structure serves both as an optical element and as the sample chamber. As an optical element, the waveguiding structure collects radiation from a blackbody source located at the entrance end of the waveguiding structure and conducts the radiation through the waveguiding structure, concentrating it on two infrared detectors mounted at the opposite end of the waveguiding structure. As a sample chamber, the waveguiding structure causes the radiation to undergo multiple reflections that result in the average path length being substantially greater than the physical length of the waveguiding structure. Each of the detectors has its own optical filter, and baffling assures that each detector responds only to radiation which has passed through its filter. One filter defines a spectral passband that coincides with the infrared absorption band of the gas to be measured. The other filter defines a non-absorbing or neutral passband. The electrical signals produced by the detectors are processed to provide a ratio, the value of which is related to the concentration of the particular gas to be detected.

    Abstract translation: 用于确定样品中可能存在的特定气体的浓度的仪器没有移动部件，并且非常紧凑和便宜。 新颖的波导结构既用作光学元件又用作样品室。 作为光学元件，波导结构收集来自位于波导结构的入口端的黑体源的辐射，并将辐射传导通过波导结构，将其集中在安装在波导结构的相对端的两个红外检测器上。 作为样品室，波导结构导致辐射经历多次反射，导致平均路径长度远大于波导结构的物理长度。 每个检测器都有自己的光学滤波器，并且挡板确保每个检测器仅响应已经通过其过滤器的辐射。 一个滤光器定义与待测气体的红外吸收带一致的光谱通带。 另一个滤波器定义了非吸收或中性通带。 由检测器产生的电信号被处理以提供一个比率，其值与待检测的特定气体的浓度有关。

    Adaptive fire detector
    3.
    发明授权
    Adaptive fire detector 失效
    自适应火灾探测器

    公开(公告)号：US5369397A

    公开(公告)日：1994-11-29

    申请号：US874394

    申请日：1992-04-27

    Applicant: Jacob Y. Wong

    Inventor： Jacob Y. Wong

    IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G08B29/20 ,  G08B17/10

    CPC classification number: G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G08B29/20 ,  G01J2001/161 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N2201/0228 ,  G01N2201/06186 ,  G01N2201/0696

    Abstract: The fire detector includes a carbon dioxide sensor and a microcomputer. When the rate of increase of the concentration of carbon dioxide at the sensor exceeds a threshold, an alarm is produced. The threshold is set at one of three possible levels by the microcomputer in response to the state of the atmosphere at the sensor as determined by the microcomputer based on several variables that are derived from the sensed concentration of carbon dioxide. The derived variables include the average concentration of carbon dioxide, the average rate of change of carbon dioxide concentration, the monotonicity of the increase or decrease of the carbon dioxide concentration and the range of concentrations sensed in each cycle of operation. The threshold setting is determined every ten seconds. In this way, the setting of the rate threshold is responsive to variations in the carbon dioxide level at the sensor that are caused by entities other than a fire, such as the presence or absence of people in a closed room.

    Abstract translation: 火灾探测器包括二氧化碳传感器和微型计算机。 当传感器中二氧化碳浓度增加的速度超过阈值时，会产生报警。 由微型计算机响应于由微型计算机确定的气氛状态，根据从感测到的二氧化碳浓度导出的几个变量，阈值被设置在三个可能的水平之一。 衍生变量包括二氧化碳的平均浓度，二氧化碳浓度的平均变化率，二氧化碳浓度的增加或减少的单调性以及在每个操作周期中感测到的浓度范围。 阈值设置每10秒钟确定一次。 以这种方式，速率阈值的设置响应于由火焰以外的实体引起的传感器处的二氧化碳水平的变化，例如在封闭房间中存在或不存在人。

    Multispectral reflectometer
    5.
    发明授权
    Multispectral reflectometer 失效
    多光谱反射计

    公开(公告)号：US5517302A

    公开(公告)日：1996-05-14

    申请号：US231445

    申请日：1994-04-20

    Applicant: Thornton Stearns ,  Subhash C. Sarkar

    Inventor： Thornton Stearns ,  Subhash C. Sarkar

    IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01J3/28

    CPC classification number: G01N21/474 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01J2003/421 ,  G01J2003/425 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01N2021/4742

    Abstract: A reflectometer for measuring absorption of light in selected regions of the light spectrum by a diffuse reflector. The reflectometer is adapted to precisely measure absorption resulting from the constituents present in body fluids. The sample to be measured is illuminated by a focussed light source at an angle of 45.degree. to its surface. The light diffusely reflected about the normal to the sample falls on a small round bundle of optical fibers. At the opposite end of the bundle, the fibers are arranged into a narrow rectangle. This rectangle forms the entrance slit for a concave holographic diffraction grating. The grating forms images of this entrance slit spectrally separated over a flat field suitable for recording the spectrum on film or on an array of discrete detectors.

    Abstract translation: 用于通过漫反射器测量光谱的选定区域中的光的吸收的反射计。 反射计适用于精确测量由体液中存在的成分引起的吸收。 要测量的样品被聚焦光源以与其表面成45度的角度照射。 围绕样品的法线漫反射的光落在小圆形光纤束上。 在束的另一端，纤维被布置成窄的矩形。 该矩形形成凹面全息衍射光栅的入口狭缝。 光栅形成在适合于在胶片上或在离散检测器阵列上记录光谱的平坦场上光谱分离的入口狭缝的图像。

    Multispectral reflectometer
    6.
    发明授权
    Multispectral reflectometer 失效
    多光谱反射计

    公开(公告)号：US5262840A

    公开(公告)日：1993-11-16

    申请号：US781

    申请日：1993-01-04

    Applicant: Thornton Stearns ,  Subhash C. Sarkar

    Inventor： Thornton Stearns ,  Subhash C. Sarkar

    IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01J3/04

    CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01J2003/421 ,  G01J2003/425 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/1838 ,  G01N2021/4742

    Abstract: A reflectometer for measuring absorption of light in selected regions of the light spectrum by a diffuse reflector. The reflectometer is adapted to precisely measure absorption resulting from the constituents present in body fluids. The sample to be measured is illuminated by a focused light source at an angle of 45.degree. to its surface. The light diffusely reflected about the normal to the sample falls on a small round bundle of optical fibers at the opposite end of the bundle, the fibers are arranged into a narrow rectangle. This rectangle forms the entrance slit for a concave holographic diffraction grating. The grating forms images of this entrance slit spectrally separated over a flat field suitable for recording the spectrum on film or on an array of discrete detectors.

    Abstract translation: 用于通过漫反射器测量光谱的选定区域中的光的吸收的反射计。 反射计适用于精确测量由体液中存在的成分引起的吸收。 要测量的样品被聚焦光源以与其表面成45度的角度照射。 围绕样品的法线漫反射的光落在束的相对端的小圆形光纤束上，纤维被排列成窄的矩形。 该矩形形成凹面全息衍射光栅的入口狭缝。 光栅形成在适合于在胶片上或在离散检测器阵列上记录光谱的平坦场上光谱分离的入口狭缝的图像。

    Respiratory CO.sub.2 detector circuit with high quality waveform
    7.
    发明授权
    Respiratory CO.sub.2 detector circuit with high quality waveform 失效
    呼吸二氧化碳检测电路具有高质量的波形

    公开(公告)号：US4955946A

    公开(公告)日：1990-09-11

    申请号：US306234

    申请日：1989-02-02

    Applicant: Bruce E. Mount ,  Douglas P. Becker

    Inventor： Bruce E. Mount ,  Douglas P. Becker

    IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/497

    CPC classification number: G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N33/497 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01N2201/069 ,  G01N2201/127

    Abstract: A respiratory CO.sub.2 detector (10) comprising an infrared lamp source (44) and an infrared detector (50) responsive thereto forming an optical path for detecting the change in CO.sub.2 concentration, or an obstruction in a cuvette (42). The output of the infrared detector (50) provides a high and low voltage signal to be applied to a feedback control loop (12) and to an output circuit (14).The feedback control loop (12) includes a peak detector (22), a contamination detector (24), a pulse-width modulator (26) and a low pass filter (28), the latter providing a DC bias on the infrared lamp (44). The peak detector (22) is connected to the pulse-width modulator (26) to maintain the lamp voltage constant and is connected to comparators (56,62) to compare both outputs of the peak and contamination detectors (22,24). The contamination detector (24) will respond to blockage in the cuvette (42).The output control circuit (14) includes a sample-and-hold circuit (30) and a subtractor (32) connected to the output of said infrared detector to receive the high and low voltage signal from the infrared detector, the outputs of which produce an output signal without the DC bias which is then inverted to provide a high quality waveform.

    Abstract translation: 一种呼吸二氧化碳检测器（10），包括红外灯源（44）和响应于此的红外检测器（50），形成用于检测CO 2浓度变化的光路或者比色皿（42）中的阻塞物。 红外检测器（50）的输出提供要施加到反馈控制回路（12）和输出电路（14）的高电压和低电压信号。 反馈控制回路（12）包括峰值检测器（22），污染检测器（24），脉冲宽度调制器（26）和低通滤波器（28），后者在红外灯上提供DC偏置 44）。 峰值检测器（22）连接到脉冲宽度调制器（26）以保持灯电压恒定并连接到比较器（56,62）以比较峰值和污染检测器（22,24）的两个输出。 污染检测器（24）将响应于比色皿（42）中的阻塞。 输出控制电路（14）包括采样保持电路（30）和连接到所述红外检测器的输出端的减法器（32），以从红外检测器接收高电压和低电压信号，其输出产生 没有DC偏置的输出信号然后被反转以提供高质量的波形。

    Grain quality analyzer
    8.
    发明授权
    Grain quality analyzer 失效
    谷物质量分析仪

    公开(公告)号：US4260262A

    公开(公告)日：1981-04-07

    申请号：US964191

    申请日：1978-11-28

    Applicant: Donald R. Webster

    Inventor： Donald R. Webster

    IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/27

    CPC classification number: G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2201/126 ,  G01N2201/12753 ,  G01N2201/1283 ,  Y10S250/91

    Abstract: An improved grain quality analyzer, for analyzing the percentage concentration of various constituents, e.g. protein and water, in a grain sample, photo-optically measures the change in the optical density of the sample, .DELTA. OD, in a range of characteristic wavelengths and, for protein, in a range of neutral wavelengths and uses these measured values to compute the percentage concentration of the constituents.A grain sample is irradiated with light, the wavelength of which sweeps across the infrared light-spectrum including a range of wavelengths termed characteristic wavelengths, and, for protein, a range of wavelengths termed neutral wavelengths. The characteristic wavelengths are those wavelengths at which the optical characteristics of the irradiated sample, that is, the optical density, reflectivity, transmissivity, and/or absorption, are known to vary as a function of the concentration of the measured constituent, and, for the protein measurement, the neutral wavelengths are those wavelengths at which the optical characteristics are substantially independent of the concentration of the protein.In the preferred embodiment, photo-optical sensors measure the light reflected from the sample and provide output signals indicative of the optical density of the sample as a function of the wavelength of the irradiating light. Control and computing means sample the sensor output at spaced apart points in the range of characteristic wavelengths and in the range of neutral wavelengths to provide signals representative of the optical characteristics of the sample. Computing circuitry computes the percentage concentration of water and, for protein, computes the percentage concentration using an algorithm in accordance with the present invention which eliminates the inaccuracies introduced by light scattering from the sample.

    Abstract translation: 改进的谷物质量分析仪，用于分析各种成分的百分浓度，例如 蛋白质和水在晶粒样品中光学测量样品光密度的变化，在特定波长范围内，对于蛋白质，在一定范围的中性波长，并使用这些测量值来计算 成分的浓度百分比。 用光照射晶粒样品，其波长扫过包括称为特征波长的波长范围的红外光谱，并且对于蛋白质，扫描一定范围的称为中性波长的波长。 特征波长是已知辐射样品的光学特性，即光密度，反射率，透射率和/或吸收的波长已知是随测量成分的浓度而变化的，并且对于 蛋白质测量，中性波长是光学特性基本上与蛋白质浓度无关的那些波长。 在优选实施例中，光电传感器测量从样品反射的光，并提供表示样品的光密度的输出信号作为照射光的波长的函数。 控制和计算装置在特征波长范围内和中性波长范围内的间隔开的点采样传感器输出，以提供代表样品的光学特性的信号。 计算电路计算水的百分浓度，并且对于蛋白质，使用根据本发明的算法计算百分比浓度，其消除了来自样品的光散射引入的不准确性。

    Optical analyzer for agricultural products
    9.
    发明授权
    Optical analyzer for agricultural products 失效
    农产品光学分析仪

    公开(公告)号：US4040747A

    公开(公告)日：1977-08-09

    申请号：US497727

    申请日：1974-08-15

    Applicant: Donald R. Webster

    Inventor： Donald R. Webster

    IPC: G01J1/18 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/10 ,  G01J3/48 ,  G01N21/48

    CPC classification number: G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01N33/10 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N2021/3129 ,  G01N2021/3159 ,  G01N2021/4769 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N2201/1283 ,  Y10S250/91

    Abstract: An automatic test instrument for gaging the percentage of various constituents in organic substances by comparing the reflective optical density of the subject at various wavelengths. Narrow band optical filters are connected together in the form of a rotatable paddle wheel positioned so that the filters can be individually swept through the incident light path between the specimen and wideband light source. As the filter wheel turns, the band of light passed by each filter is progressively shifted with the changing angle of the filter relative to the light path. The filter wheel configuration includes opaque vanes extending from the ends of the filters to periodically interrupt the passage of light to the specimen. Photocells are positioned to sense the level of light reflected from the specimen. The output of the photocells is sampled at pedetermined times relative to the rotation of the filter wheel to yield values indicative of reflected intensity at certain wavelengths. Using these values, an electronic circuit in one embodiment calculates three optical density difference values corresponding to moisture, protein and oil content of the specimen. The difference values are automatically inserted in three linear equations which are solved to obtain readings representing the true percentages of oil, water and protein contained in the specimen. Each time a new specimen is loaded for testing, the instrument is automatically calibrated against a standard sample, preferably Teflon (Trademark). The output of the photocells is amplified in a special circuit which subtracts the level of dark period current from the output when the photocells are illuminated.

    Abstract translation: 一种自动测试仪器，用于通过比较不同波长的受试者的反射光密度来测量有机物质中各种成分的百分比。 窄带光学滤波器以可旋转的桨轮的形式连接在一起，其定位成使得滤光器可以被单独扫过样品和宽带光源之间的入射光路。 当滤光轮转动时，每个滤光片通过的光束随着滤光片相对于光路的变化角度逐渐变化。 过滤轮配置包括从过滤器的端部延伸的不透明的叶片，以周期性地中断通向样品的光。 光电池被定位以感测从样品反射的光的水平。 光电管的输出相对于滤光轮的旋转在规定时间被采样，以产生指示某些波长的反射强度的值。 使用这些值，一个实施例中的电子电路计算对应于样品的水分，蛋白质和油含量的三个光密度差值。 差值被自动插入三个线性方程中，这些线性方程被求解以获得表示样品中所含的油，水和蛋白质的真实百分比的读数。 每次加载新的样品进行测试时，仪器将自动根据标准样品进行校准，最好是Teflon（商标）。 光电管的输出在特殊电路中被放大，当光电管被照亮时，其从输出中减去暗周期电流的电平。

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