摘要:
Disclosed is a charge transfer material which is highly soluble in a binder resin, does not precipitates crystals and produces no pinhole and also disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising the charge transfer material which comprises a butadiene compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, respectively represent a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group or benzyl group which may have a substituent and R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, which may be the same or different, respectively represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group having 1-4 carbon atoms or a halogen atom; and a butadiene compound represented by the general formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same as above, and the content of the butadiene compound of the formula (I) is at least 60% by weight based on the total amount by weight of the butadiene compounds of the formulae (I) and (II).
摘要:
Disclosed are novel compounds useful in electrophotographic photoreceptors as charge-transporting materials having good miscibility with binder polymers and capable of forming a thin stable organic film having a high concentration; and an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the same. The compounds are bis(3,4-methylenedioxyphenylamino) derivatives represented by general formula (1): wherein Ar1 and Ar2 each is an optionally substituted aryl group and Ar3 is a phenylene group or an optionally substituted biphenylene group.
摘要:
An optically active compound represented by formula (I): wherein A represents ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms; R.sup.1 represents a straight chain alkyl group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms; X represents a fluorine atom or a methyl group; n represents 1 or 2; m represents an integer of from 0 to 3; and C* represents an asymmetric carbon atom, and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are disclosed. The compound exhibits large spontaneous polarization and low viscosity and, when added to an achiral base liquid crystal composition, induces a chiral nematic phase in which the helical pitch has small temperature dependence.
摘要翻译:由式(I)表示的光学活性化合物:其中A表示其中R2表示具有8至12个碳原子的烷基; R1表示具有2至5个碳原子的直链烷基; X表示氟原子或甲基; n表示1或2; m表示0〜3的整数, C *表示不对称碳原子,含有该碳原子的液晶组合物。 该化合物表现出大的自发极化和低粘度,并且当添加到非手性基底液晶组合物时,诱导手性向列相,其中螺旋间距具有较小的温度依赖性。
摘要:
A fluorine-containing optically active compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a straight chain alkyl or alkoxy group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms or a 4-alkylphenyl or 4-alkoxyphenyl group having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 represents a straight chain alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; C.sup.* represents an asymmetric carbon atoms; and X represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, provided that X represents a fluorine atom when R.sub.1 contains a phenyl group, and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are disclosed. The compound (I) has large spontaneous polarization and low viscosity to achieve a fast response time. In the N.sup.* phase of the compound (I), the helical pitch has small temperature dependence.
摘要翻译:由式(I)表示的含氟光学活性化合物:(*化学结构*)(I)其中R1表示具有6至14个碳原子的直链烷基或烷氧基或4-烷基苯基或4-烷氧基苯基 具有8至12个碳原子; R 2表示具有1至8个碳原子的直链烷基; C *表示不对称碳原子; 并且X表示氢原子或氟原子,条件是当R 1包含苯基时,X表示氟原子,并且公开了含有该基团的液晶组合物。 化合物(I)具有大的自发极化和低粘度以实现快速响应时间。 在化合物(I)的N *相中,螺旋间距具有较小的温度依赖性。
摘要:
An optically active compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having from 3 to 9 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms; m and n each represent 1 or 2 provided that they do not simultaneously represent 1; and C.sup.*1 and C.sup.*2, both represent an optically active carbon atom, and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are disclosed. The compound exhibits chiral nematic and smectic phases and are excellent as a chiral dopant for ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions or nematic liquid crystal compositions.
摘要:
An antiferroelectric liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents a straight chain alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms; and * means an asymmetric carbon atom, and an antiferroelectric liquid crystal composition comprising at least one liquid crystal compound as defined above. The optically active compound of the present invention is highly miscible with a number of known antiferroelectric liquid crystal compounds and thus capable of providing liquid crystal materials having improved temperature properties. A liquid crystal composition containing the optically active compound of the present invention is applicable to electro-optical devices with the use of antiferroelectric liquid crystals.
摘要:
Disclosed is a novel optically active compound which exhibits an antiferroelectric liquid crystal phase and has a low threshold voltage and a low viscosity, a novel optically active compound which doesn't exhibit an antiferroelectric liquid crystal phase but can be incorporated in an antiferroelectric liquid crystal having a high threshold voltage to reduce the threshold voltage thereof, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a process for the reduction of the threshold voltage of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal composition.
摘要:
An optically active compound which itself generally exhibits no antiferroelectric liquid crystal phase, but which can be added to an antiferroelectric liquid crystal or composition thereof having a high threshold voltage to reduce the threshold voltage of the resulting composition. Also disclosed is an antiferroelectric liquid crystal composition containing the optically active compound, a process for reducing the threshold voltage of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal composition, a process for producing the optically active compound, and a process for producing an optically active carboxylic acid as an intermediate.
摘要:
A liquid crystal compound represented by formula (I) and a liquid crystal composition containing the same. The compound exhibits an antiferroelectric liquid crystal phase and has good compatibility with known liquid crystal compounds. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 4 to 16 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms in its branch and 4 to 12 carbon atoms in total; X represents an oxygen or sulfur atom; rings A and B each represent an F-substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a cyclohexylene group or a divalent nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, provided that either one of rings A and B is the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; ring C represents an F-substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group; and C* represents an asymmetric carbon atom.
摘要翻译:由式(I)表示的液晶化合物和含有该液晶化合物的液晶组合物。 该化合物表现出反铁电液晶相,与已知的液晶化合物具有良好的相容性。 (I)其中R1表示具有4至16个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,烷氧基,烷氧基羰基,烷酰氧基或烷氧基羰氧基; R2表示碳原子数为4〜10的直链烷基或碳原子数为1〜3的支链烷基,总共为4〜12个碳原子。 X表示氧或硫原子; 环A和B各自表示F取代或未取代的亚苯基,亚环己基或二价含氮杂环基,条件是环A和B中的任一个为含氮杂环基; 环C表示F取代或未取代的亚苯基; C *表示不对称碳原子。
摘要:
Dimples, preferably 40 to 200 μm in average depth and 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter of circle equivalent, are formed on the peripheral surface of a cooling drum, adjacent to each other at the rims of the dimples; and fine humps (preferably, fine humps 1 to 50 μm in height and 5 to 200 μm in diameter of circle equivalent on the surfaces of the dimples and/or fine humps 1 to 50 μm in height and 30 to 200 μm in diameter of circle equivalent at the rims of the dimples), fine holes (preferably, fine holes 5 μm or more in depth and 10 to 200 μm in diameter of circle equivalent), or fine unevenness (preferably, fine unevenness 1 to 50 μm in average depth and 10 to 200 μm in diameter of circle equivalent) are formed at the rims and/or on the indented surfaces of said dimples.