Abstract:
A 3,4-epoxybutyrate of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl or aralkyl group is efficiently prepared by a process comprising steps of:(a) reacting 3,4-dihydroxybutyronitrile of the formula: ##STR2## with a sulfonyl chloride of the formula: R.sup.2 --SO.sub.2 --Cl wherein R.sup.2 is an alkyl group or a phenyl group which may be substituted in the presence of a base to obtain a compound of the formula: ##STR3## (b) reacting the compound prepared in the step (a) with an alcohol of the formula: R.sup.1 --OH in the presence of an acid to obtain a compound of the formula: ##STR4## and (c) reacting the compound prepared in the step (b) with a base to obtain the 3,4-epoxybutyrate.
Abstract:
A hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode comprising a hydrogen-absorbing alloy represented by a formula ANi.sub.a Co.sub.b Mn.sub.c or ANi.sub.a Co.sub.b Mn.sub.c X.sub.d, A representing a mixture of rare earth elements including La and X representing at least one element selected from a group of Fe, Cu, Mo, W, B, Al, Si and Sn, wherein 2.5.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.3.5, 0.4.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.1.5, 0.2.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.1.0, and 3.85.ltoreq.a+b+c.ltoreq.4.78 in the case of ANi.sub.a Co.sub.b Mn.sub.c or 2.5.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.3.5, 0.4.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.1.5, 0.2.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.1.0, 0
Abstract translation:一种吸氢合金电极,其包含由式ANiaCobMnc或ANiaCobMncXd表示的吸氢合金,A表示包含La和X的稀土元素的混合物,所述稀土元素表示选自Fe,Cu,Mo,W, B,Al,Si和Sn,其中2.5≤a≤3.5,0.4≤b= 1.5,0.2,c = 1.0,和3.85 a + b + c < 在ANiaCobMnc或2.5 = a <3.5,0.4 = b = 1.5,0.2 = c <1.0,0
Abstract:
An integration-proportional controller in a servo-control system comprises in one aspect, an integrator for integrating a deviation of an input speed reference signal from a feedback signal fed back from an object to be controlled, and a proportional amplifier connected with the integrator for amplifying the feedback signal, the integrator including a clamping function in which an output value therefrom and an initial value for the next successive integration are changed, when the output value as a result of integration of the deviation is out of a predetermined proper output region, to the nearest boundary of the predetermined region value. In another aspaect, a saturable integrator is provided for integrating a deviation of an input speed reference signal from a feedback signal fed back from an object to be controlled, a proportional amplifier is connected with the saturable integrator for amplifying the feedback signal, and a deviation clamping device is connected with the saturable integrator for limiting the upper and lower values of the deviation.
Abstract:
A process for preparing N-[1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline, which comprises reacting N-carboxyanhydride of N-[1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanine with L-proline in the presence of a base. According to the process, enalapril can be prepared economically, easily and effectively.
Abstract:
A diffractive optical element includes a first optical member including a first diffraction grating; and a second optical member including a second diffraction grating and arranged so that the second diffraction grating faces the first diffraction grating. Inorganic particulates are dispersed in the second optical member. An inorganic particulate volume ratio is higher in the second diffraction grating than a portion of the second optical member on an opposite side of the second diffraction grating.
Abstract:
A process belt for papermaking with a long operational life comprises an integrated structure of a reinforcing fibrous base material 6 and a polyurethane layer, the reinforcing fibrous base material being embedded in the polyurethane, wherein an inorganic filler selected from calcined kaolin clay, fused silica and zeolite is homogeneously dispersed in the polyurethane.
Abstract:
An electrostatic charging member includes a base material; and an outermost layer that contains a porous filler and a resin and has a gel fraction of at least about 50% and a surface roughness Rz in a range of about 2 μm to about 20 μm.
Abstract:
A hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigment is characterized by having a maximum peak wavelength within a range of from 810 nm to 839 nm in optical absorption spectrum in a wavelength range of from 600 nm to 900 nm.
Abstract:
A wet paper web transfer belt comprises a base body, a wet paper web side layer, and a machine side layer. The wet paper web side layer is formed of a high molecular weight elastic section, and fibers and filler particles are exposed at its surface. The fibers and filler particles are exposed in the form of an island-sea structure comprising islands section where the fibers are exposed, and a sea section where the filler particles are exposed. The fibers and the filler particles, both exposed at the wet paper web side layer, hold water at different times in the papermaking process as the wet paper web moves out of the press part of the papermaking machine.
Abstract:
An image forming apparatus includes a charge roll which charges a body to be charged by contact charge, and a roll-like sponge member which is supported such that it comes into contact with a surface of the charge roll and which is rotated together with the charge roll. The roll-like sponge member and the charge roll have physical characteristics such that a surface of the charge roll is scraped away by contact with the roll-like sponge member.