Abstract:
An X-ray optical system includes an X-ray illumination system having at least two mirrors, a driving system for moving the at least two mirrors, a detecting system having at least one sensor, for detecting at least one of tilt and incidence position of X-rays in the X-ray illumination system, and a control system for controlling movements of the at least two mirrors by the driving system on the basis of detection by the detecting system.
Abstract:
A reflection system, includes a reflecting member having a mirror-finished reflection surface of a spherical shape; and a base member having a base surface of a predetermined shape; and wherein the reflection member and the base member are adhered to each other with one of the bottom surface of the reflection member and the base surface of the base member being made to follow the other to cause deformation of the spherical shape, whereby the reflection surface is formed into an aspherical shape.
Abstract:
A process for producing 4,6-diaminoresorcinols comprises the steps of:subjecting a dioxime of the formula (4) ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl or phenyl group, to Beckmann rearrangement to thereby produce 4,6-diacylaminoresorcinol of the formula (5) ##STR2## wherein R is as defined above, and subjecting the 4,6-diacylaminoresorcinol to hydrolysis and recovering the product 4,6-diaminoresorcinol (6) ##STR3## or a salt thereof.
Abstract:
A radiation window includes a radiation transmitting window material, a supporting frame for gas-tightly supporting an outer periphery of the radiation transmitting window material, a flange for gas-tightly supporting an outer periphery of the supporting frame, and a structure for reducing a stress related to mounting the supporting frame onto the flange.
Abstract:
A simulator apparatus collects communication information on a transmission line by a line information collecting module, extracts the communication information between a server and clients from the collected communication information by an information extracting module, and further discriminates the communication information necessary for a simulation on a protocol unit basis from the communication information and converts to a simulating procedure by a procedure converting module. A simulation processing module performs a simulating operation of the client for the server in accordance with a simulation definition file of the simulating procedure and operating conditions and stores an operating situation to a performance log file.
Abstract:
A document exposure apparatus includes a glass plate on which a document original is located, a press cover for covering the glass plate, an open/close discriminating unit for discriminating an open state and a close state of the press cover, an exposure unit, disposed under the glass plate, for illuminating the original with light, and a control unit for controlling the illuminating operation of the exposure unit according to an open/close state of the press cover, which is discriminated by the open/close discriminating unit.
Abstract:
A reflection type mask includes a reflective portion effective to reflect soft X-rays or vacuum ultraviolet rays, and an absorbent material pattern formed on the reflecting portion, wherein, when the wavelength of the soft X-rays or vacuum ultraviolet rays is denoted by .lambda. and the optical constant of the material constituting the absorbent material pattern is denoted by 1-.delta.-ik (where .delta. and k are real numbers while i is an imaginary number), a relation 0.29
Abstract:
By applying spot welding along a crack which has occurred in an austenitic stainless steel structure without use of welding material so that spot welds are connected, melting and solidifying of the crack can be achieved, thereby to provide a metal structure which is rich with delta ferrite of the austenitic stainless steel structure or prevent propagation of the crack by enclosing it into the interior of the austenitic stainless steel structure.
Abstract:
An X-ray mirror has a silicon carbide substrate having a convex cylindrical surface, and a carbon layer coated on a surface of said substrate to a thickness ranging from 10 nm to 1 .mu.m by evaporation, such as CVD. In the X-ray mirror in which the carbon layer is coated thereon beforehand, changes in the intensity of reflected light, caused by a contaminating carbon layer attached to the surface of the mirror, can be restricted. When such a mirror is used in an X-ray lithographic apparatus, the number of times the intensity of X-rays is measured or corrected or the mirror is cleaned can be greatly reduced.
Abstract:
A multi-layer reflection mirror for soft X-ray to vacuum ultraviolet ray, comprises a substrate, a plurality of first layers, and a plurality of second layers formed on the substrate alternately with the first layers. The first layers primarily consists of at least one of single elements, such as ruthenium, or of a boride carbide, silicate, nitride oxide of a transition metal. The second layers primarily consists of at least one of compounds of carbon, silicon (e.g. carbide, nitride and oxide of silicon), boron (e.g. carbide, nitride and oxide of boron), beryllium (e.g. carbide, nitride and oxide of beryllium) and aluminum (e.g. carbide, nitride and oxide of aluminum).