公开(公告)号：US4359717A

公开(公告)日：1982-11-16

申请号：US121575

申请日：1980-02-14

申请人： Bernd Huber ,  Erich Schneider ,  Helmut Fleischer

发明人： Bernd Huber ,  Erich Schneider ,  Helmut Fleischer

IPC分类号： B60R25/10 ,  G01C9/22 ,  G01D5/20 ,  G01P15/08 ,  G01P15/11 ,  G01R17/02 ,  G01R17/10 ,  G08B21/04 ,  G08B13/00

CPC分类号： G01R17/10 ,  B60R25/1007 ,  B60R25/101 ,  G01C9/22 ,  G01D5/2026 ,  G01P15/0891 ,  G01P15/11 ,  G01R17/02 ,  B60R25/1004 ,  Y10S73/01

摘要： To increase the responsiveness of a vehicle alarm system to, for example, unauthorized entry through windows, jacking up for removal of parts or vehicle theft as well violent impact by another vehicle, at least one position sensitive sensor has its output signal, which represents the instantaneous position of the vehicle stored after activation of the alarm system. Any change in that position is detected and triggers a warning device when the deviation exceeds a predeterminable amount. The position sensitive sensor may be a fluid-filled vessel the internal resistance of which is measured in a resistance bridge or it may be a variable inductance sensor which is connected to a frequency generator whose output signals are counted and compared with a given value. The system according to the invention may also serve as an accelerometer.

摘要翻译： 为了将车辆报警系统的响应性提高到例如通过窗口的未经授权的进入，用于移除零件或车辆盗窃以及另一车辆的猛烈冲击的起动，至少一个位置敏感传感器具有其输出信号，其表示 启动报警系统后车辆的瞬时位置存储。 检测到该位置的任何变化，并且当偏差超过可预定量时触发警告装置。 位置敏感传感器可以是其内部电阻在电阻桥中测量的流体填充容器，或者其可以是可变电感传感器，其连接到频率发生器，其输出信号被计数并与给定值进行比较。 根据本发明的系统还可以用作加速度计。

公开(公告)号：US4331160A

公开(公告)日：1982-05-25

申请号：US929907

申请日：1978-08-01

申请人： John J. Zito, Sr.

发明人： John J. Zito, Sr.

IPC分类号： A61B5/053 ,  G01R17/10 ,  A61B5/05

CPC分类号： A61B5/164 ,  A61B5/0531 ,  A61B5/0533 ,  G01R17/10

摘要： This invention relates to a device and method for detecting and recording a single electrical effect responsive to physiological changes accompanying emotional stresses, and in particular it relates to associated multiple stage amplifier circuits, having successive automatic zeroing devices and separate time responsive devices to eliminate or minimize physiological or biological electric potential drifts.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种响应于伴随情绪应激的生理变化来检测和记录单个电效应的装置和方法，特别涉及具有连续的自动调零装置和单独的时间响应装置以消除或最小化的相关多级放大器电路 生理或生物电位漂移。

公开(公告)号：US4300574A

公开(公告)日：1981-11-17

申请号：US105395

申请日：1979-12-19

申请人： James Briggs

发明人： James Briggs

IPC分类号： G01R27/02 ,  A61B5/0488 ,  A61B5/05 ,  A61B5/053 ,  A61B5/16 ,  G01R17/10

CPC分类号： A61B5/0533 ,  G01R17/10

摘要： A device for measuring and indicating changes in the resistance of a living body including a single battery source, a means for setting a reference voltage level provided across the battery, a unity gain high input impedance and low output impedance buffer amplifier having as its input the reference voltage level, a balanceable resistance bridge having the output of the buffer amplifier applied thereto and having the living body coupled thereto as a part of the bridge, a meter amplifier for amplifying any imbalances in the bridge caused by changes in the resistance of the living body and a meter coupled to the output of the meter amplifier for indicating the changes in resistance of the living body.

摘要翻译： 一种用于测量和指示包括单个电池源的活体的电阻变化的装置，用于设置在电池两端提供的参考电压电平的装置，具有作为其输入的单位增益高输入阻抗和低输出阻抗缓冲放大器 参考电压电平，具有施加到其上的缓冲放大器的输出并具有耦合到其上的作为桥的一部分的活体的平衡电阻桥，用于放大由于生活中电阻的变化引起的桥中的任何不平衡的仪表放大器 身体和与仪表放大器的输出相连的仪表，用于指示生物体的电阻变化。

公开(公告)号：US4278932A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-14

申请号：US55171

申请日：1979-07-06

申请人： David A. G. Tait

发明人： David A. G. Tait

IPC分类号： G01R17/10 ,  G01R27/00 ,  G01R27/02 ,  G01R27/26

CPC分类号： G01R17/10

摘要： An a.c. bridge has a first arm with standard resistance, a second arm with a standard reactance element, a third arm having terminals for connection to an unknown impedance, and a fourth arm comprising a resistive circuit having first and second variable resistive elements. An a.c. supply voltage is coupled between the junction of the first arm with the second arm and the junction of the third arm with the fourth arm. First and second phase-sensitive rectifiers are coupled between the junction of the first arm with the third arm and a variable tap on the second resistive element in the fourth arm. The first rectifier is synchronized to a first a.c. reference signal in phase quadrature with the voltage across the unknown impedance, and the second rectifier is synchronized to a second a.c. reference signal in-phase with the voltage across the unknown impedance. Indicators are coupled to the outputs of the rectifiers for indicating the senses of their output signals. The first resistive element can be adjusted until the phase difference between the unbalance signal at the input of the first rectifier and the first a.c. reference signal is at a predetermined value and the second resistive element is subsequently input of the second rectifier and the second a.c. reference signal is at a predetermined value without affecting the phase relation between the signal at the input of the first rectifier and the first a.c. reference signal to balance the bridge.

摘要翻译： 一个 桥具有具有标准电阻的第一臂，具有标准电抗元件的第二臂，具有用于连接到未知阻抗的端子的第三臂，以及包括具有第一和第二可变电阻元件的电阻电路的第四臂。 一个 电源电压耦合在第一臂与第二臂的接合点和第三臂与第四臂的接合处。 第一和第二相敏整流器耦合在第一臂与第三臂之间的接合点和第四臂中的第二电阻元件上的可变抽头。 第一个整流器与第一个整流器同步。 参考信号与未知阻抗上的电压相位正交，并且第二整流器与第二直流同步。 参考信号与未知阻抗上的电压同相。 指示器耦合到整流器的输出，用于指示其输出信号的感测。 可以调整第一电阻元件，直到第一整流器输入端的不平衡信号与第一整流器的输入端之间的相位差为止。 参考信号处于预定值，并且随后第二电阻元件输入第二整流器和第二电感元件。 参考信号处于预定值，而不影响第一整流器的输入端与第一直流电平的信号之间的相位关系。 参考信号平衡桥。

公开(公告)号：US4107599A

公开(公告)日：1978-08-15

申请号：US731756

申请日：1976-10-12

申请人： Fritz K. Preikschat

发明人： Fritz K. Preikschat

IPC分类号： G01N27/04 ,  G01N27/07 ,  G01R17/10 ,  G01R27/02 ,  G01R27/16 ,  G01R27/26

CPC分类号： G01R27/02 ,  G01N27/041 ,  G01N27/046 ,  G01N27/048 ,  G01N27/07 ,  G01R17/10 ,  G01R27/16

摘要： An electrode, forming a part of an apparatus for measuring the electrical impedance of a variety of sampled materials for the purpose of determining moisture content, is composed of a pair of spaced-apart conductors across which an electrical field is radiated. In a first embodiment, useful for a sample of grain or the like, the electrode comprises a box including a flat central electrode plate vertically mounted within and electrically isolated from the enclosing grounded walls of the box. In a second embodiment, adapted for stacked tissue paper or the like, the electrode comprises a pair of opposed plates, both of which are electrically driven by a sensing circuit. In a third embodiment, particularly suited for wood chips, the electrode comprises a front opening box including a flat central electrode plate mounted on and electrically isolated from a grounded backing plate. The forward walls of the box are pivotally mounted at the top of the backing plate so that the lower end of the box opens outwardly to ensure complete dumping of the sampled material. In a fourth embodiment, used for stacked lumber as it dries in a kiln, the electrode is provided by an elongated cylindrical rod which is inserted into the center of the stacked lumber, with the walls of the kiln or the rails supporting a car having the lumber stacked thereon, normally being formed from a metallic material, serving as grounded conductors.

摘要翻译： 形成用于测量各种采样材料的电阻抗的装置的一部分用于确定水分含量的电极由一对间隔开的导体组成，电场辐射穿过该导体。 在第一实施例中，对于颗粒样品等可用，电极包括一个箱子，该盒子包括垂直安装在盒子的封闭的接地壁内并与之隔离的平坦的中心电极板。 在第二实施例中，适用于堆叠的薄纸或类似物，电极包括一对相对的板，它们都由传感电路电驱动。 在第三实施例中，特别适用于木片，电极包括前开口箱，其包括安装在接地背板上并与接地背板电绝缘的平坦中心电极板。 箱的前壁可枢转地安装在背板的顶部，使得箱的下端向外敞开，以确保完全倾倒采样的材料。 在第四实施例中，当其在窑中干燥时用于堆叠的木材，电极由插入堆叠的木材的中心的细长的圆柱形杆提供，其中窑的壁或轨道支撑具有 通常由金属材料形成的木材堆叠在其上，用作接地导体。

公开(公告)号：US4086524A

公开(公告)日：1978-04-25

申请号：US722064

申请日：1976-09-09

申请人： Manfred Kremer

发明人： Manfred Kremer

IPC分类号： G01R17/10 ,  G01R31/36 ,  H02J9/00 ,  H02J7/00

CPC分类号： G01R31/3624 ,  G01R17/10 ,  H02J9/002 ,  Y10S320/21 ,  Y10S320/32 ,  Y10S320/34

摘要： An electric battery, such as that of an automotive vehicle, is continuously tested for its state of charge by a bridge circuit in parallel with a voltage stabilizer such as a Zener diode which forms part of a voltage divider connected across the battery terminals, the other part of that divider being a resistance circuit. The bridge circuit has an output diagonal with one corner connected to the battery terminal which is tied to the resistance circuit so that a reduction of battery voltage unbalances the bridge in one sense, a compensatory change in the opposite sense being brought about by a sensor responsive to the load current drawn from the battery. The current sensor may be a small resistor inserted between two adjoining bridge arms. An integrating operational amplifier connected across the output diagonal of the bridge controls a pulse generator which steps an associated pulse counter whenever the amplifier output passes a threshold indicating a predetermined degree of depletion of the battery; the counter, after measuring a cumulative time interval during which this depletion condition is present, triggers a switch which generates an alarm signal, e.g. by eliminating certain options in the operation of the vehicle. The operational amplifier and/or pulse generator also work into visual charge indicators. The resistance circuit of the voltage divider may include a transistor designed to compensate changes in battery current due to the de-energization of a switcing relay. A feedback connection between the counter and the pulse generator causes continuing stepping of the counter after the switchover to maintain the alarm signal until the counter resets itself after an extended period, such resetting also occurring upon reclosure of the load circuit after a prolonged interruption.

摘要翻译： 诸如机动车辆的电池通过与电压稳定器（例如齐纳二极管）并联的桥式电路连续地测试其状态，该稳压器形成连接在电池端子上的分压器的一部分，另一个 该分压器的一部分是电阻电路。 桥接电路具有输出对角线，其中一个角连接到电池端子，其连接到电阻电路，使得电池电压的降低在一个意义上不平衡桥，相反感觉的补偿性变化由传感器响应 到从电池吸取的负载电流。 电流传感器可以是插入在两个邻接的桥臂之间的小电阻器。 连接在桥的输出对角线上的积分运算放大器控制脉冲发生器，每当放大器输出通过指示电池的预定程度的耗尽的阈值时，步骤相关的脉冲计数器; 计数器在测量存在该耗尽条件的累积时间间隔之后触发产生报警信号的开关，例如， 通过消除车辆操作中的某些选项。 运算放大器和/或脉冲发生器也适用于视觉充电指示器。 分压器的电阻电路可以包括设计成补偿由于开关继电器的断电导致的电池电流变化的晶体管。 计数器和脉冲发生器之间的反馈连接导致在切换之后计数器的持续步进，以维持报警信号，直到计数器在延长的时间段之后复位，这种复位也是在长时间中断之后重新闭合负载电路时发生的。

公开(公告)号：US4063447A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-20

申请号：US777534

申请日：1977-03-14

申请人： Leslie C. Mathison

发明人： Leslie C. Mathison

IPC分类号： G01N27/16 ,  G01N27/18 ,  G01R17/06 ,  G01R17/10 ,  G01N25/18

CPC分类号： G01N27/16 ,  G01N27/18 ,  G01R17/06 ,  G01R17/10

摘要： A bridge circuit having reference and measurement thermistors in respective adjacent arms is automatically readjusted to off-set any long term drift of the thermistors. The readjustment of the bridge circuit is performed between normal measurement operations using a bridge output error signal produced by the drift of the thermistors. The output signal of the bridge circuit is also applied to a comparator circuit to produce a polarity characterized output signal in response to the relative magnitude between the bridge output signal and a fixed reference signal. This characterized output signal is used to control the counting direction of an up/down counter. A source of fixed frequency pulses is connected to the input of the up/down counter during a sample window time between the measurement operations to change the count stored in the counter in accordance with the direction of counting as determined by the output signal from the comparator. The count stored in the counter, in turn, is applied to a digital to analog converter to produce an analog control signal corresponding to the digital stored count. This analog output signal is applied as a drive signal to adjustable current sources in adjacent arms of the bridge circuit to control the current through the reference and measurement thermistors whereby to offset the drift of these thermistors.

摘要翻译： 具有相应相邻臂中的参考和测量热敏电阻的桥接电路被自动重新调整以偏离热敏电阻的任何长期漂移。 使用由热敏电阻的漂移产生的桥输出误差信号，在正常测量操作之间进行桥接电路的重新调整。 桥电路的输出信号也被施加到比较器电路，以响应于桥输出信号和固定参考信号之间的相对幅度产生极性特征的输出信号。 该特征输出信号用于控制向上/向下计数器的计数方向。 在测量操作之间的采样窗口时间期间，将固定频率脉冲的源连接到计数器的输入端，以根据由比较器的输出信号确定的计数方向改变存储在计数器中的计数 。 计数器中存储的计数依次被应用于数模转换器以产生对应于数字存储计数的模拟控制信号。 该模拟输出信号作为驱动信号施加到桥接电路的相邻臂中的可调电流源，以控制通过参考和测量热敏电阻的电流，从而抵消这些热敏电阻的漂移。

公开(公告)号：US3997888A

公开(公告)日：1976-12-14

申请号：US618922

申请日：1975-10-02

申请人： Manfred Kremer

发明人： Manfred Kremer

IPC分类号： G01R17/10 ,  G01R31/36 ,  G08B21/00

CPC分类号： G01R31/3624 ,  G01R17/10

摘要： An electric battery, such as that of an automotive vehicle, is continuously tested for its state of charge by a bridge circuit in parallel with a voltage stabilizer such as a Zener diode which forms part of a voltage divider connected across the battery terminals, the other part of that divider being a resistance circuit. The bridge circuit has an output diagonal with one corner connected to the battery terminal which is tied to the resistance circuit so that a reduction of battery voltage unbalances the bridge in one sense, a compensatory change in the opposite sense being brought about by a sensor responsive to the load current drawn from the battery. The current sensor may be a small resistor inserted between two adjoining bridge arms. An integrating operational amplifier connected across the output diagonal of the bridge controls a pulse generator which steps an associated pulse counter whenever the amplifier output passes a threshold indicating a predetermined degree of depletion of the battery; the counter, after measuring a cumulative time interval during which this depletion condition is present, triggers a switch which generates an alarm signal, e.g. by eliminating certain options in the operation of the vehicle. The operational amplifier and/or pulse generator also work into visual charge indicators. The resistance circuit of the voltage divider may include a transistor designed to compensate changes in battery current due to the de-energization of a switching relay. A feedback connection between the counter and the pulse generator causes continuing stepping of the counter after the switchover to maintain the alarm signal until the counter resets itself after an extended period, such resetting also occurring upon reclosure of the load circuit after a prolonged interruption.

摘要翻译： 诸如机动车辆的电池通过与电压稳定器（例如齐纳二极管）并联的桥式电路连续地测试其状态，该稳压器形成连接在电池端子上的分压器的一部分，另一个 该分压器的一部分是电阻电路。 桥接电路具有输出对角线，其中一个角连接到电池端子，其连接到电阻电路，使得电池电压的降低在一个意义上不平衡桥，相反感觉的补偿性变化由传感器响应 到从电池吸取的负载电流。 电流传感器可以是插入在两个邻接的桥臂之间的小电阻器。 连接在桥的输出对角线上的积分运算放大器控制脉冲发生器，每当放大器输出通过指示电池的预定程度的耗尽的阈值时，步骤相关的脉冲计数器; 计数器在测量存在该耗尽条件的累积时间间隔之后触发产生报警信号的开关，例如， 通过消除车辆操作中的某些选项。 运算放大器和/或脉冲发生器也适用于视觉充电指示器。 分压器的电阻电路可以包括被设计为补偿由于开关继电器断电导致的电池电流变化的晶体管。 计数器和脉冲发生器之间的反馈连接导致在切换之后计数器的持续步进，以维持报警信号，直到计数器在延长的时间段之后复位，这种复位也是在长时间中断之后重新闭合负载电路时发生的。

公开(公告)号：US3964315A

公开(公告)日：1976-06-22

申请号：US432778

申请日：1974-01-11

申请人： John S. Engelhardt

发明人： John S. Engelhardt

IPC分类号： G01R17/18 ,  G01K7/20 ,  G01R17/10 ,  G01R27/02 ,  G01R27/16

CPC分类号： G01R27/02 ,  G01R17/10

摘要： A bridge circuit for measuring the D.C. resistance of a resistive element having an induced A.C. current comprises impedance legs whereby the A.C. component can be balanced out. The invention has particular application to the measurement of high-voltage cable conductor temperatures.

摘要翻译： 用于测量具有感应交流电流的电阻元件的直流电阻的桥接电路包括阻抗支路，由此可以平衡交流输入元件。 本发明特别适用于高压电缆导体温度的测量。

公开(公告)号：US3440536A

公开(公告)日：1969-04-22

申请号：US3440536D

申请日：1965-10-11

申请人： BENDIX CORP

发明人： RONCI WILLIAM L

IPC分类号： G01R17/10 ,  G01R5/26 ,  G01R23/04 ,  G01R25/02

CPC分类号： G01R17/105 ,  G01R17/10