Abstract:
A machine tool having a grinding wheel for grinding a workpiece mounted on a table. The machine tool is provided with a truing apparatus for truing the grinding wheel and a measuring device for measuring the diameter of the grinding wheel after every truing operation. Both of the truing apparatus and the measuring device are mounted on a movable base. The movable base is moved between its retract position at the outside of the table and a forward position above the table. The movable base is move to the forward position to bring the truing apparatus and the touch sensor into predetermined positions for truing and measuring operations. After the truing and measuring operations, the movable base is moved away from the table and is retracted to its retract position. The truing apparatus is provided with a truer support shaft whose rotational shaft intersects with a horizontal plane with an angle of 45.degree., and a truer attached to the truer support shaft. The truer has a cylindrical abrasive layer formed at periphery thereof and extending along a conical plane having a top angle of 90.degree..
Abstract:
A tuned oscillator utilizing a thin film ferromagnetic resonator is disclosed. The oscillator comprises an active element for oscillator and a YIG thin film resonator connected to the active element as a part of feed-back circuit for the active element. The YIG thin film resonator is applied with a bias magnetic field perpendicular to a surfce of a YIG disk which is generated by a permanent magnet for a fixed component and a coil for a variable component for the resonance frequency. The resonance frequency is stabilized by use of a PLL circuit connected to an output of the oscillator and feeding back to the coil. Since the YIG thin film tuned oscillator has a high Q value, high quality communication signal processing can be achieved. The YIG tuned oscillator is used as local oscillator for a transciever.
Abstract:
An environment sensor includes an insulating base board, a first electrode made of a material which can provide an electrical indication of the value of a first physical quantity and formed on the insulating base board, a second electrode formed of electrically conducting material and formed on the insulating base board, and a mass of metal oxide semiconductor material which can provide an electrical indication of the value of a second physical quantity, layered on the base board over the first and second electrodes. Thus, the first electrode by itself constitutes a sensor subsystem which can sense the value of the first physical quantity, which may preferably be temperature, while the first and second electrodes together with the mass of metal oxide semiconductor material constitute a sensor subsystem which can sense the value of the second physical quantity, which may preferably be humidity.
Abstract:
A defect inspection apparatus and method includes utilizing an irradiation optical system that focuses a beam flux emitted from a laser light source and formed into a slit-shaped beam so as to irradiate the beam onto the surface of the substrate to be inspected, utilizing a detection optical system that detects light from the substrate that has been irradiated with the slit-shaped beam, and utilizing a signal processor that processes a signal output from the detection optical system. The irradiation optical system includes a cylindrical lens for focusing the beam that has been emitted from the laser light source onto the substrate to be inspected, as the slit-shaped beam, wherein the cylindrical lens is disposed so as to obtain a distance between an incidence surface or emitting surface thereof and the slit-shaped beam upon the substrate to be inspected to be equal to a focal distance of the cylindrical lens.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for detecting defects are provided for detecting harmful defects or foreign matter with high sensitivity on an object to be inspected with a transparent film, such as an oxide film, by reducing noise due to a circuit pattern. The apparatus for detecting defects includes a stage part on which a substrate specimen is put and which is arbitrarily movable in each of the X-Y-Z-θ directions, an illumination system for irradiating the circuit pattern with light from an inclined direction, and an image-forming optical system for forming an image of an irradiated detection area on a detector from the upward and oblique directions. With this arrangement, diffracted light and scattered light caused on the circuit pattern through the illumination by the illumination system is collected. Furthermore, a spatial filter is provided on a Fourier transform surface for blocking the diffracted light from a linear part of the circuit pattern. The scattered and reflected light received by the detector from the specimen is converted into an electrical signal. The converted electrical signal of one chip is compared with that of the other adjacent chip. If these signals are not identical to each other, the foreign matter is determined to exist on the specimen in detection.
Abstract:
A defect inspection apparatus and method includes utilizing an irradiation optical system that focuses a beam flux emitted from a laser light source and formed into a slit-shaped beam so as to irradiate the beam onto the surface of the substrate to be inspected, utilizing a detection optical system that detects light from the substrate that has been irradiated with the slit-shaped beam, and utilizing a signal processor that processes a signal output from the detection optical system. The irradiation optical system includes a cylindrical lens for focusing the beam that has been emitted from the laser light source onto the substrate to be inspected, as the slit-shaped beam, wherein the cylindrical lens is disposed so as to obtain a distance between an incidence surface or emitting surface thereof and the slit-shaped beam upon the substrate to be inspected to be equal to a focal distance of the cylindrical lens.
Abstract:
A four-wheel-drive-vehicle driving force distribution apparatus has an auxiliary transmission mechanism for switching motive power transmitted to an input shaft at least between two levels, a high speed and a low speed, and transmitting the motive power to a main output shaft; a friction clutch for selectively transmitting the motive power of the main output shaft to an auxiliary output shaft; a ball cam mechanism for changing the pressing force of the friction clutch in a non-step manner; and a shift mechanism for shifting the auxiliary transmission mechanism. A clutch control mechanism is provided between a drive member fixed to an output shaft of a motor and a pinion gear and changes the clutch pressing force caused by the ball cam mechanism corresponding to clockwise rotation of the drive member performed by a motor starting from a control starting point. A shift control mechanism is provided between the drive member and a shifting cylindrical cam and alternately repeating switching between a H position and a L position of the auxiliary transmission mechanism in every counterclockwise reciprocating rotation of the drive member performed by the motor starting from the control starting point.
Abstract:
An apparatus for inspecting a specimen includes a first illumination unit having a laser light source and a first optical component for illuminating a specimen on which patterns are formed with a laser from a first elevation angle direction, a second illuminating unit having a light source and a second optical component for illuminating the specimen from a second elevation angle direction which is greater than the first elevation angle, a first detection optical unit which detects light from the specimen illuminated by the first illumination unit, a second detection optical unit which detects light from the specimen illuminated by the second illumination unit, and a signal processing unit which processes signals output from the first detector to detect defects in a first area on the specimen and processes signals output from the second detector to detect defects in a second area on the specimen.
Abstract:
A defect inspection apparatus includes a movable stage for mounting a substrate having circuit patterns as an object of inspection, an irradiation optical system which irradiates a slit-shaped light beam from an oblique direction to the circuit patterns of the substrate, a detection optical system which includes an image sensor for receiving reflected/scattered light from the substrate by irradiation of the slit-shaped light beam and converting the received light into a signal, and an image processor which processes the signal. The irradiation optical system includes a cylindrical lens and a coherency reduction optical system, which receives the light beam and emits a plurality of slit-shaped light sub-beams which are spatially reduced in coherency in a light-converging direction of the cylindrical lens. The cylindrical lens focuses the plurality of slit-shaped light sub-beams into the slit-shaped light beam irradiated to the surface of the substrate.
Abstract:
In a low speed wiping mode, reciprocal wiping movement of a wiper is executed at a first wiping speed without spraying the washer fluid from washer nozzles. In a high speed wiping mode, reciprocal wiping movement of the wiper is executed at a second wiping speed that is higher than the first wiping speed without spraying the washer fluid from the washer nozzles. In a wash and wipe mode, washer fluid is sprayed from the washer nozzles over the windshield, and reciprocal wiping movement of the wiper is executed a plurality of times. A wiping speed of the wiper in the wash and wipe mode in at least one of a running state and a stopped state of the vehicle is set to be lower than the first wiping speed of the wiper that is set for the low speed wiping mode.