公开(公告)号：US5579682A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-03

申请号：US553368

申请日：1995-11-27

Applicant: Carl Bergman ,  Bertil Malmberg

Inventor： Carl Bergman ,  Bertil Malmberg

IPC: A23L3/015 ,  B01J3/03 ,  B01J3/04 ,  A23L1/00 ,  A47J27/00 ,  B01J3/02

CPC classification number: B01J3/042 ,  A23L3/015 ,  B01J3/03

Abstract: A device for high-pressure treatment, in particular of liquid substances which contain components with a consistency different from that of the liquid. The device comprises a cylinder member (1), two end members (2, 3), a high-pressure piston (4), two high-pressure seals (8, 9) and connection means comprising channels and valve members to conduct the substance to and from the cylinder member (1). When the substance is pressurized, the cylinder member (1), at least one of the end members (3), the high-pressure piston (4) and the two high-pressure seals (8, 9) delimit a high-pressure chamber (10). The connection means are arranged outside the high-pressure chamber and preferably in respective end members (2, 3).

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / SE94 / 00551 Sec。 371日期：1995年11月27日 102（e）日期1995年11月27日PCT Filed 1994年6月8日PCT公布。 公开号WO94 / 28745 日期1994年12月22日一种用于高压处理的装置，特别是含有与液体不同的成分的液体物质。 该装置包括气缸构件（1），两个端部构件（2,3），高压活塞（4），两个高压密封件（8,9）和包括通道和阀构件的连接装置，以将物质 与圆筒构件（1）连接。 当物质被加压时，气缸构件（1），端部构件（3），高压活塞（4）和两个高压密封件（8,9）中的至少一个限定高压室 （10）。 连接装置设置在高压室的外部，优选地设置在相应的端部构件（2,3）中。

公开(公告)号：US4937052A

公开(公告)日：1990-06-26

申请号：US228742

申请日：1988-08-05

Applicant: Hideaki Takahashi ,  Tetsuo Shoji ,  Katsuto Nakatsuka ,  Hiroyuki Abe

Inventor： Hideaki Takahashi ,  Tetsuo Shoji ,  Katsuto Nakatsuka ,  Hiroyuki Abe

IPC: B01J19/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C02F11/08 ,  F24J3/08

CPC classification number: C02F11/083 ,  B01J3/042 ,  F24J3/085 ,  Y02E10/14

Abstract: An underground chemical reactor having a closed loop reactor which includes at least a reaction component inlet tube and a reaction product outlet tube and a casing pipe consisting of a double or triple tube and the circulating system for a reaction component such as raw material sludge and a direct chemical reaction system for the reaction component with the deep underground high temperature water of a hot water source formed by a natural hot water source of an artificial crushed zone at a depth of more than 1,000 m, thereby an oxide magnetic material such as soft ferrite, hard ferrite, each kind of ceramics or heat-resisting materials such as xonotlite, dielectric materials, clay materials may be made in the underground chemical reactor.

公开(公告)号：US4832878A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-23

申请号：US811150

申请日：1985-12-19

Applicant: Carlo Scaccia

Inventor： Carlo Scaccia

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  C07C51/58

CPC classification number: B01J3/042 ,  C07C51/58

Abstract: A process and apparatus using two gas liquid separations when carbonylating propylene to isobutyryl fluoride in hydrogen fluoride result in a savings in recycle pumping energy compared to a one gas-liquid separation process.

Abstract translation: 在氟化氢中将丙烯羰基化成异丁酰氟时，使用两种气体液体分离的方法和装置与一种气液分离方法相比，可节省循环泵送能量。

公开(公告)号：US4416956A

公开(公告)日：1983-11-22

申请号：US580697

申请日：1975-05-27

Applicant: Harold L. Lawless

Inventor： Harold L. Lawless

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C10J3/00 ,  H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/24 ,  H01M8/02

CPC classification number: H01M8/00 ,  B01J3/042 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F11/083 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/485 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/78 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/2455 ,  C10J2200/12 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0986 ,  C10J2300/0993

Abstract: This invention is essentially an improved means for contacting solids, liquids, and gases at elevated pressures and at desired temperatures, for providing inherently stable pressures, for conserving the heat of chemical reactions, and for minimizing the power requirement for pumping liquids continuously through a high pressure zone. The invention is particularly useful for processes utilizing physical, chemical, and/or thermal treatment, under elevated pressures, of continuously flowing streams of large volume which may contain suspended solids.The invention is based on the realization that deep boreholes, suitably lined, can be utilized as a particularly efficient apparatus for physical, chemical, and/or thermal processes. The hydrostatic pressures created when the boreholes are filled with liquids or fluidized solids are of sufficient magnitude to promote a great many useful chemical reactions, and there are many other advantages, as partially noted later, that appear in a unique combination when deep boreholes are regarded as an item of process apparatus, rather than as a means of access to water, petroleum, or mineral ores.The following processes are illustrative of the embodiments of this invention:(1) The use of chemical reaction energy in the production of electricity directly by means of fuel cells. Through this invention, it is possible to produce electricity directly from powdered coal or other combustible solids, as well as from combustible gases or liquids.

Abstract translation: 本发明基本上是用于在升高的压力和所需温度下接触固体，液体和气体的改进方法，以提供固有稳定的压力，用于节省化学反应的热量，并且最小化连续通过高压泵送液体的功率需求 压力区。 本发明特别适用于在高压下物理，化学和/或热处理的连续流动的可能含有悬浮固体的大体积流的方法。 本发明基于以下认识：适当衬里的深钻孔可以用作物理，化学和/或热过程的特别有效的装置。 当钻孔充满液体或流化固体时产生的流体静力压力足够大，以促进许多有用的化学反应，并且还有许多其他优点，如稍后部分地指出的，当深孔被认为是出现在独特的组合 作为一种处理装置，而不是作为进入水，石油或矿物矿石的手段。 以下过程是本发明的实施例的说明：（1）通过燃料电池直接使用化学反应能量来生产电力。 通过本发明，可以直接从粉煤或其他可燃固体以及可燃气体或液体产生电。

公开(公告)号：US4383911A

公开(公告)日：1983-05-17

申请号：US261756

申请日：1981-05-08

Applicant: Minoru Morita ,  Shimio Sato ,  Takao Hashimoto ,  Yoji Kitaoka

Inventor： Minoru Morita ,  Shimio Sato ,  Takao Hashimoto ,  Yoji Kitaoka

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C10G1/06 ,  C10G1/08

CPC classification number: C10G1/083 ,  B01J19/242 ,  B01J3/042 ,  C10G1/065 ,  B01J2219/00065 ,  B01J2219/00087 ,  B01J2219/00132 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00164

Abstract: A process for directly liquefying coal in a reactor including a preheating section and a reaction section, each having a plurality of pressure-resistant vertical pipes, comprises introducing into the preheating section a paste consisting of finely divided coal, catalyst and heavy oil. In the preheating section the paste is heated to a temperature of 380.degree. to 410.degree. C. and preheated hydrogen is blown into each pipe to create a velocity of Reynolds number equal to at least 3.times.10.sup.3 and an axial dispersion coefficient of not more than 0.05. The preheated paste and hydrogen are forwarded to the reaction section where they are heated to a temperature of 400.degree. to 500.degree. C. and further hydrogen is introduced into each pipe of the reaction section to maintain the velocity and axial dispersion values and a high partial pressure of hydrogen. The total quantity of hydrogen introduced is 1 to 3 times the stoichiometric value.

Abstract translation: 在包括预热部分和反应部分的反应器中直接液化煤的方法，每个具有多个耐压垂直管，包括将由细碎的煤，催化剂和重油组成的浆料引入预热部分。 在预热部分中，将该糊料加热至380-410℃的温度，并将预热的氢气吹入每个管道中以产生雷诺数等于至少3×10 3的速度，轴向分散系数不大于0.05。 将预热的糊料和氢气送入反应部分，在那里将它们加热到400-500℃的温度，并且将进一步的氢气引入反应部分的每个管中，以保持速度和轴向分散值和高的部分 氢气压力。 导入的氢的总量是化学计量值的1〜3倍。

公开(公告)号：US4290999A

公开(公告)日：1981-09-22

申请号：US90259

申请日：1979-11-01

Applicant: Minoru Morita ,  Shimio Sato ,  Takao Hashimoto ,  Yoji Kitaoka

Inventor： Minoru Morita ,  Shimio Sato ,  Takao Hashimoto ,  Yoji Kitaoka

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C10G1/06 ,  C10G1/08 ,  B01J8/20 ,  B01J10/00

CPC classification number: C10G1/083 ,  B01J19/242 ,  B01J3/042 ,  C10G1/065 ,  B01J2219/00065 ,  B01J2219/00087 ,  B01J2219/00132 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00164

Abstract: In a process for directly liquefying coal, a paste consisting of finely divided coal, catalyst and heavy oil can be treated for thermal cracking and hydrocracking with a high liquid/space ratio and short residence time in a preheating section and a reaction section. An apparatus threfor comprises a plural number of pipe units having apertures for hydrogen injection and apertures for the paste of a low concentration or heavy oil injection and a gas-liquid separator for removing H.sub.2 O, methane, etc., the pipe units being formed in such a manner that a Reynolds number of 3.times.10.sup.3 or greater and an axial dispersion coefficient of 0.05 or smaller are achieved for the fluid flow therein.

Abstract translation: 在直接液化煤的方法中，可以将由精细分散的煤，催化剂和重油组成的糊状物在预热段和反应段中以高液体/空间比和较短的停留时间进行热裂解和加氢裂化处理。 一种装置包括多个具有用于氢气注入的孔的管单元和用于低浓度或重油注入的浆料的孔，以及用于除去H 2 O，甲烷等的气液分离器，其中形成的管单元 其中流体流动达到雷诺数为3×10 3或更大，轴向分散系数为0.05或更小的方式。

公开(公告)号：US4234543A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-18

申请号：US955530

申请日：1978-10-30

Applicant: Edwin Matovich

Inventor： Edwin Matovich

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/12 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J19/08

CPC classification number: B01J19/122 ,  B01J3/042

Abstract: A high-temperature, fluid-wall chemical reactor can be equipped with a variable profile, counterflow heat exchanger and a reaction product control system. The heat exchanger includes two tubular walls, positioned concentric of one another, and a spiral baffle disposed between the two walls to define a spiral, annular coolant channel. The walls and baffle are made of a refractory material. The heat exchanger has an inlet and an outlet to permit a coolant to be circulated through the coolant channel. The reaction product control system includes a reaction product analyzer and means for withdrawing and transferring samples of reaction product exiting the reactor. The reaction product analyzer can receive samples of reaction product and generate a signal corresponding to deviations between the chemical composition of the product and a preselected composition. The control system also includes a reactor temperature controller to vary a temperature of the reactor in response to the signal from the reaction product analyzer to reduce the deviations.

Abstract translation: 高温，流体壁化学反应器可配备可变型，逆流式热交换器和反应产物控制系统。 热交换器包括彼此同心定位的两个管状壁和设置在两个壁之间以限定螺旋形环形冷却剂通道的螺旋挡板。 墙壁和挡板由耐火材料制成。 热交换器具有允许冷却剂通过冷却剂通道循环的入口和出口。 反应产物控制系统包括反应产物分析器和用于抽出和转移离开反应器的反应产物样品的装置。 反应产物分析仪可以接收反应产物的样品并产生对应于产物的化学成分与预选组合物之间的偏差的信号。 控制系统还包括反应器温度控制器，以响应于来自反应产物分析仪的信号来改变反应器的温度以减少偏差。

公开(公告)号：US4177240A

公开(公告)日：1979-12-04

申请号：US814169

申请日：1977-07-08

Applicant: Alberto Dal Bianco

Inventor： Alberto Dal Bianco

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F2/02 ,  C08F10/00 ,  C08F10/02

CPC classification number: B01J3/042 ,  C08F10/02

Abstract: The present invention concerns a reactor of the tubular type, with a high heat exchange, for the catalytic production under high pressure of alpha-olefine polymers and copolymers, in particular polymers and copolymers of ethylene.More particularly, the tubular reactor of this invention consists of three coaxially arranged tubes, distanced from each other in such a way as to create between the outer tube and the intermediate an annular interspace suited for the circulation of the refrigerating fluid and between the intermediate tube, sized for very high pressures, and the innermost tube an interspace that will form the exothermic reaction zone proper, said innermost tube being of the low-pressure type and forming the preheating zone of the process fluid, fed in under pressure from the outside by the action of the reaction heat that develops inside said intermediate tube, said preheating zone extending up to over half the length of the reactor and, at the end of it, defining the reaction starting zone that is the feeding zone of the catalyst or the like, means for the control of the temperature in said reaction starting zone through the immission of fresh process fluid into the reaction starting zone itself, said process fluid having been drawn from the inlet of the reactor or, by the recycling, into the inlet of the reactor, of process fluid drawn from the end of the preheating zone and refrigerated, as well as means for balancing the pressures between said reaction zone and said preheating zone.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种具有高热交换的管式反应器，用于在α-烯烃聚合物和共聚物，特别是乙烯的聚合物和共聚物的高压下的催化生产。 更具体地说，本发明的管状反应器由三个同轴布置的管组成，彼此间隔开，以便在外管和中间体之间形成适于冷却流体循环的环形空间，并且在中间管 尺寸适于非常高的压力，并且最内管形成将形成放热反应区的空间，所述最内管是低压型，并且形成处理流体的预热区，在加压下由外部加压 在所述中间管内形成的反应热的作用，所述预热区延伸到反应器长度的一半以上，并且在其末端限定作为催化剂等的进料区的反应起始区 所述的方法是通过将新鲜的工艺流体输入到反应起始区本身来控制所述反应起始区的温度 工艺流体已经从反应器的入口抽出，或者通过再循环进入反应器的入口，从预热区的端部抽出并冷却的工艺流体，以及用于平衡所述反应区 和所述预热区。

公开(公告)号：US4085266A

公开(公告)日：1978-04-18

申请号：US805908

申请日：1977-06-13

Applicant: Setsuo Nakai ,  Shinichiro Kita ,  Fumihiko Hiki ,  Masayuki Shimizu

Inventor： Setsuo Nakai ,  Shinichiro Kita ,  Fumihiko Hiki ,  Masayuki Shimizu

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F2/02 ,  C08F2/34 ,  C08F10/00 ,  C08F110/02 ,  C08F4/32

CPC classification number: C08F110/02 ,  B01J3/042

Abstract: In a process for polymerizing ethylene in a two-zone autoclave reactor comprising a top reaction zone and a bottom reaction zone which process comprises polymerizing ethylene in said top reaction zone at 130.degree. to 200.degree. C and at a reaction pressure of 1,000 to 1,800 kg/cm.sup.2 using an initiator, sending the resulting reaction mixture from the top reaction zone to the bottom reaction zone, and further promoting the polymerization at 220.degree. to 280.degree. C using an initiator which is same as or different from the initiator in the top reaction zone, the improvement which comprises feeding 75% or more of the ethylene to the top reaction zone of the two-zone reactor, said two-zone reactor being constructed so that the volume ratio of top reaction zone to bottom reaction zone is 1.5 to 6 and being provided with two or more feed inlets for each of the ethylene and the initiator in the top reaction zone in the direction extending through the two reaction zones.

Abstract translation: 在包含顶部反应区和底部反应区的双区高压釜反应器中聚合乙烯的方法，该方法包括在130℃至200℃下在上述反应区中聚合乙烯，反应压力为1,000至1800kg 使用引发剂，将得到的反应混合物从顶部反应区送至底部反应区，并使用与顶部反应中的引发剂相同或不同的引发剂在220〜280℃进一步促进聚合 该改进包括将75％以上的乙烯进料到双区反应器的顶部反应区，所述双区反应器被构造成使得顶部反应区与底部反应区的体积比为1.5至6 并且在顶部反应区域中沿着延伸穿过两个反应区域的方向为每个乙烯和引发剂提供两个或更多个进料入口。

公开(公告)号：US3756996A

公开(公告)日：1973-09-04

申请号：US3756996D

申请日：1971-02-25

Applicant: NAT DISTILLERS CHEM CORP

Inventor： PUGH D ,  PALMER W ,  HORNEY R ,  SPOMER R ,  WOLFENBERGER C

IPC: B01F7/00 ,  B01F15/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/18 ,  B01J19/20 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F10/00 ,  C08F1/60 ,  C08F3/04

CPC classification number: B01F7/0025 ,  B01F7/00141 ,  B01F7/00908 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J19/002 ,  B01J19/18 ,  B01J19/20 ,  B01J2219/00063 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  B01J2219/00159 ,  B01J2219/00779 ,  B01J2219/185 ,  C08F10/00 ,  C08F4/28

Abstract: A PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE POLYMERS AT HIGH PESSURES WITHIN A MODIFIED, STIRRED AUTOCLAVE-TYPE REACTION SYSTEM SUBDIVEDED INTO THREE ZONES, INTO THE FIRST OF WHICH A FIRST, LOW TEMPERATURE FREE RADICAL, CHAIN-INITATING CATALYST IS FED, AND INTO THE SECOND OF WHICH A SECOND, INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE FREE RADICAL, CHAIN-INITATING CATALYST AND A THIRD, HIGH TEMPERATURE FREE RADICAL, CHAIN-INITIATING CATALYST ARE INTRODUCED. THE FIRST ZONE IS SO AGITATED AS TO PRODUCE BOTH RADIAL AND END-TOEND MIXING THEREIN TO THEREBY ESTABLISH A SIBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM REACTION TEMPERATURE THEREIN, WHEREAS THE SECOND ZONE IS SO AGITATED AS TO PRODUCE RADIAL MIXING THEREIN, WITH THE DEGREE OF END-TO-END MIXING DECREADING LONGITUDINALLY OF THE ZONE TO THEREBY ESTABLISH A TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL LONGITUDINALLY THEREOF. BOTH RADIAL AND ENDTO-END MIXING ARE ESTABLISHED WITHIN THE THIRD ZONE IN A MANNER SUCH AS TO INCREASE BACK MIXING OF THE REACTION MIXTURE THEREIN, AND THEREBY CONTROL THE TEMPERATURE OF THE REACTION MIXTURE LEAVING SUCH ZONE AND EXITING FROM THE REACTION SYSTEM.